1. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases John F. Baniecki, Ph.D. Extension Specialist, Plant Pathology/Entomology Professor, Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Consumer Sciences West Virginia University

2. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases OBJECTIVES 1. To discuss major causes of abiotic disorders on some ornamentals and vegetables (as examples). 2. To create an awareness that abiotic disorders do exist. 3. To increase an interest in wanting to know more about abiotic disorders. 4. Consequently, to improve upon problem solving recognition.

3. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases First, Understand the Healthy Plant 1. Know thy plant 1. What does the healthy plant look like? 2. What are the characteristics of the plant? 3. Is the plant adapted to the area? 4. How is the plant cultured?

4. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases – Understand the sick or diseased plant. – A plant may not always be healthy. – Plant problems do exist and a disease can occur.

5. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Diseases May Be Caused (Biotic) Living Agents Or Non-Living Agents (Abiotic) Or Both. There are: Infectious Living Agents. Fungi, Bacteria, Viruses, (Viroids, Plasmids), And Nematodes. Non-Infectious Living Agents. Insects And Vertebrates (Rodents, Deer, and Humans).

6. The Other Diseases Abiotic Disorders In plant problem solving, it is important to be aware of the other diseases------------ This presentation will focus on: --------------------------ABIOTIC DISORDERS.

7. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases There are those abiotic disorders that are uncontrollable and associated with the environment. Environmental causes of disorders include: Temperature Effects (Cold and Heat) Effects of Wetness or Dryness/Drought Lightning Gas Leakage Effects of Air Pollution

8. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases There are those abiotic disorders that are controllable and are a frequent cause of plant disorders that are brought about by a lack of a practice or misuse of a practice associated with no one else, but the ----------- human.

9. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant disorders associated with the human practices are: Cultural Planting Mulching Soil Fertility

10. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant disorders associated with the human practices are: Mechanical Use Of: Guide Or Staking Wires Weed Eater Lawn Mower Planting Material

11. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant disorders associated with the human practices are: Chemical Use Examples Are The Use Of: Salt Fertilizer Pesticide

12. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Causes of Plant Disorders Temperature Effects--COLD Sudden Drop In Temperature Frozen Ground Windy Northern Exposure Water Loss

13. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects----COLD Winter Desiccation Northern Exposure Evergreen Damage Rhododendron Damage

14. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects----COLD Frost Injury Freeze Damage Frost Injury

15. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects----COLD Late Frost Injury Frost Damage

16. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Causes of Plant Disorders Temperature Effects--HEAT Sunny Exposure Water Loss Wilting, Yellowing, Browning -----Death Scalding

17. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects----HEAT Heat Reflection From A Paved Surface

18. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects----HEAT SUNSCALD

19. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects----DROUGHT Loss of water Wilting, Yellowing, Browning -----Death

20. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects---- DROUGHT Loss Of Water From The Plant

21. Environmental Effects --------------------------WETNESS POOR DRAINAGE Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases

22. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects --------------------------WETNESS POOR DRAINAGE Waterlogged Soil

23. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects --------------------------HAIL May Be Unnoticed Or Noticeable Pockets Or Rifts Tattered Leaves

24. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects --------------------------Lightning

25. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects -----Gas Injury Plants Affected May Be Far Removed From The Gas Leakage

26. Environmental Effects -----Air Pollutants Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides And Peroxyacyl Nitrates (PAN), Fluoride, Chlorine, And Ammonia Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases

27. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects -----Ozone Flecking, Mottling, Chlorosis, Banding, Bronzing, Browning, Blanching

28. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects -----Sulfur Dioxide Browning, Chlorosis, Banding, Bleaching, Bronzing

29. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects -----Nitrogen Oxides And Peroxyacyl Nitrates (PAN) Light Browning, Glazing, Bronzing

30. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects -----Fluoride Chlorotic Flecking, Marginal Browning

31. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects ------- Chlorine Ammonia Light Browning On Tips and Edges

32. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices ------------Cultural Planting Problems

33. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices ------------Cultural Fill Soil Over Existing Roots Constructionitis

34. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices ------------Cultural

35. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices ------------Cultural Nutrient Deficiencies Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Lower Leaves Affected First

36. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices ------------Cultural Nutrient Deficiencies Iron Manganese Immobile Magnesium Mobile

37. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices ------------Cultural Nutrient Deficiencies Calcium Affects Root Growth Constituent Of The Middle Lamella

38. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Mechanical/ Physical Injury

39. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Mechanical/ Physical Injury Staking Wire Injury Girdling Plastic Twine

40. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Mechanical/ Physical Injury Lawn Mower Damage

41. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Chemical Use Over Fertilization

42. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Chemical Use Distortion, Cupping, Browning 2,4-D On Tomato Dicamba Injury Linden Taxus

43. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Chemical Use Yellowing, Browning, Distortion Orthene Roundup Urine (Another Matter)

44. Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases AS ONE CAN SEE NOT ALL “BUGS” (LIVING AGENTS; FUNGI, BACTERIA, VIRUSES, NEMATODES, INSECTS) AND VERTEBRATES (RODENTS, DEER) CAUSE PLANT PROBLEMS. CAN HUMANS BUG THE PLANTS? FOR A LARGE PART THEY DO.