1. Telecommunications & Networking

2. TELECOMMUNICATIONS: Communications (both voice and data) at a distance TELECOMMUNICATIONS: Communications (both voice and data) at a distance NETWORKING: Electronic linking of geographically dispersed devices NETWORKING: Electronic linking of geographically dispersed devices* TELECOMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKING

3. THE NEED FOR NETWORKING SHARING OF TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES SHARING OF TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES SHARING OF DATA SHARING OF DATA DISTRIBUTED DATA PROCESSING AND CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEMS DISTRIBUTED DATA PROCESSING AND CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEMS ENHANCED COMMUNICATIONS, INCLUDING ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI) AND ACCESS TO THE INTERNET ENHANCED COMMUNICATIONS, INCLUDING ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI) AND ACCESS TO THE INTERNET*

4. KEY ELEMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKING ANALOG SIGNALS: Continuous waveform, passes thru system. Example: voice communications ANALOG SIGNALS: Continuous waveform, passes thru system. Example: voice communications DIGITAL SIGNALS: Discrete waveform two discrete states (1-bit & 0-bit, on / off pulse). Data communication. Uses modem to translate analog to digital, digital to analog DIGITAL SIGNALS: Discrete waveform two discrete states (1-bit & 0-bit, on / off pulse). Data communication. Uses modem to translate analog to digital, digital to analog*

5. MODEM ABBREVIATION FOR MODULATOR/ DEMODULATOR ABBREVIATION FOR MODULATOR/ DEMODULATOR DEVICE THAT CONVERTS DATA FROM DIGITAL FORM TO ANALOG FORM TO BE SENT OVER ANALOG TELEPHONE NETWORK (RECONVERTS DATA AFTER IT HAS BEEN TRANSMITTED) DEVICE THAT CONVERTS DATA FROM DIGITAL FORM TO ANALOG FORM TO BE SENT OVER ANALOG TELEPHONE NETWORK (RECONVERTS DATA AFTER IT HAS BEEN TRANSMITTED)*

6. SPEED OF TRANSMISSION BANDWIDTH: Difference between highest and lowest frequencies (cycles per second) that can be transmitted on a particular medium; a capacity measure BANDWIDTH: Difference between highest and lowest frequencies (cycles per second) that can be transmitted on a particular medium; a capacity measure HERTZ: Cycles per second HERTZ: Cycles per second BAUD: Signals sent per second BAUD: Signals sent per second BITS PER SECOND (bps): Common measure BITS PER SECOND (bps): Common measure*

7. TYPES OF TRANSMISSION LINES PRIVATE, OR DEDICATED, LINES PRIVATE, OR DEDICATED, LINES SWITCHED LINES SWITCHED LINES SIMPLEX TRANSMISSION SIMPLEX TRANSMISSION HALF-DUPLEX TRANSMISSION HALF-DUPLEX TRANSMISSION FULL-DUPLEX TRANSMISSION FULL-DUPLEX TRANSMISSION*

8. TRANSMISSION MEDIA TWISTED PAIR TWISTED PAIR COAXIAL CABLE: Baseband and broadband COAXIAL CABLE: Baseband and broadband WIRELESS: Cordless phone, cellular phone, wireless LAN, infrared devices WIRELESS: Cordless phone, cellular phone, wireless LAN, infrared devices SATELLITE: Microwave, line of sight SATELLITE: Microwave, line of sight FIBER OPTICS FIBER OPTICS*

9. ORBITING SATELLITES UPLINK MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION DOWNLINK

10. NEW SATELLITES OVER A DOZEN NEW PROJECTS PROPOSED OVER A DOZEN NEW PROJECTS PROPOSED LOW EARTH ORBIT (LEO) SATELLITES: Only 400 to 1000 miles above the earth, compared to geosynchronous satellites at 22,000 miles above the equator. 1,700 satellites to be launched by 2006 LOW EARTH ORBIT (LEO) SATELLITES: Only 400 to 1000 miles above the earth, compared to geosynchronous satellites at 22,000 miles above the equator. 1,700 satellites to be launched by 2006*

11. NEW SATELLITES IRIDIUM: 66 satellites offered mobile telephony, paging, and data communications. Bankrupt by 1999. IRIDIUM: 66 satellites offered mobile telephony, paging, and data communications. Bankrupt by 1999. TELEDESCIC: Will include 288 LEO to provide low-cost, high-speed Internet access, networking, teleconferencing TELEDESCIC: Will include 288 LEO to provide low-cost, high-speed Internet access, networking, teleconferencing*

12. TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRANSMISSION SPEEDS Twisted pair - voice telephone14.4 kbps -56 kbps Twisted pair - voice telephone14.4 kbps -56 kbps Twisted pair - conditioned56 kbps - 144 kbps Twisted pair - conditioned56 kbps - 144 kbps Twisted pair - LAN4 mbps - 100 mbps Twisted pair - LAN4 mbps - 100 mbps Coaxial cable - baseband10 mbps - 2 gbps Coaxial cable - baseband10 mbps - 2 gbps Coaxial cable - broadband10 mbps - 550 mbps Coaxial cable - broadband10 mbps - 550 mbps Radio frequency wireless LAN1 mbps - 11 mbps Radio frequency wireless LAN1 mbps - 11 mbps Infrared light wireless LAN4 mbps - 16 mbps Infrared light wireless LAN4 mbps - 16 mbps Microwave / Satellite64 kbps - 100 mbps Microwave / Satellite64 kbps - 100 mbps Fiber optic cable 100 mbps - 100 gbps Fiber optic cable 100 mbps - 100 gbps*

13. TOPOLOGY OF NETWORKS BUS TOPOLOGY BUS TOPOLOGY RING TOPOLOGY RING TOPOLOGY STAR TOPOLOGY STAR TOPOLOGY TREE, OR HIERARCHICAL, TOPOLOGY TREE, OR HIERARCHICAL, TOPOLOGY MESH TOPOLOGY MESH TOPOLOGY MORE COMPLEX TOPOLOGIES MORE COMPLEX TOPOLOGIES*

14. NETWORK TYPES COMPUTER TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK COMPUTER TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK PRIVATE BRANCH EXCHANGE (PBX) NETWORK PRIVATE BRANCH EXCHANGE (PBX) NETWORK LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)*

15. NETWORK TYPES BACKBONE NETWORK BACKBONE NETWORK WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) INTERNET INTERNET*

16. LOCAL AREA NETWORKS CONTENTION BUS NETWORK: Uses CSMA/CD protocol. Example: Ethernet CONTENTION BUS NETWORK: Uses CSMA/CD protocol. Example: Ethernet TOKEN BUS NETWORK: Central to Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP) TOKEN BUS NETWORK: Central to Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP) TOKEN RING NETWORK: Used in LAN; unidirectional data flow TOKEN RING NETWORK: Used in LAN; unidirectional data flow*

17. NEW LAN TECHNOLOGY FAST ETHERNET: Ethernet operating at speeds up to 100 mbps FAST ETHERNET: Ethernet operating at speeds up to 100 mbps FIBER DISTRIBUTED DATA INTERFACE (FDDI): Token ring architecture delivered on a dual ring at speeds up to 100 mbps FIBER DISTRIBUTED DATA INTERFACE (FDDI): Token ring architecture delivered on a dual ring at speeds up to 100 mbps*

18. BACKBONE NETWORKS MIDDLE DISTANCE NETWORKS: Interconnect LANs in a single organization with each other and with the organization’s WAN and Internet MIDDLE DISTANCE NETWORKS: Interconnect LANs in a single organization with each other and with the organization’s WAN and Internet EMPLOY HIGH-END LAN TECHNOLOGY, OFTEN OPERATING AT 100 MBPS OR MORE EMPLOY HIGH-END LAN TECHNOLOGY, OFTEN OPERATING AT 100 MBPS OR MORE*

19. HUB: Simple device connecting one section of a LAN to another HUB: Simple device connecting one section of a LAN to another BRIDGE: Connects two LAN segments when the LANs use the same protocols BRIDGE: Connects two LAN segments when the LANs use the same protocols ROUTER, OR GATEWAY: Connects two or more LANs together. Networks may use different protocols ROUTER, OR GATEWAY: Connects two or more LANs together. Networks may use different protocols SWITCH: Connects more than two LANs that use the same protocol into a backbone network SWITCH: Connects more than two LANs that use the same protocol into a backbone network* BACKBONE NETWORK TERMINOLOGY

20. WIDE AREA NETWORKS DIRECT DISTANCE DIALING (DDD) DIRECT DISTANCE DIALING (DDD) WIDE AREA TELEPHONE SERVICE (WATS) WIDE AREA TELEPHONE SERVICE (WATS) LEASED LINE: Most common, T-1 lines LEASED LINE: Most common, T-1 lines SATELLITE: C-Band, KU-Band SATELLITE: C-Band, KU-Band VALUE ADDED NETWORK (VAN) VALUE ADDED NETWORK (VAN) INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN) INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN)*

21. VALUE ADDED NETWORK (VAN) DATA-ONLY, PRIVATE, NONREGULATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK : Uses packet switching DATA-ONLY, PRIVATE, NONREGULATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK : Uses packet switching AN ORGANIZATION MAY CHOOSE TO BUY SERVICES OF A VAN TO IMPLEMENT ITS WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) AN ORGANIZATION MAY CHOOSE TO BUY SERVICES OF A VAN TO IMPLEMENT ITS WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)*

22. PACKET SWITCHING INFORMATION DIVIDED INTO PACKETS OF SOME FIXED LENGTH, SENT OVER NETWORK SEPARATELY INFORMATION DIVIDED INTO PACKETS OF SOME FIXED LENGTH, SENT OVER NETWORK SEPARATELY PERMITS MORE EFFICIENT USE OF THE NETWORK PERMITS MORE EFFICIENT USE OF THE NETWORK*

23. INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN) EMERGING SET OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS EMERGING SET OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS USING PUBLIC TELEPHONE NETWORK USING PUBLIC TELEPHONE NETWORK EXTENSIVE NEW TELECOMMUNICATIONS CAPABILITIES EXTENSIVE NEW TELECOMMUNICATIONS CAPABILITIES SIMULTANEOUS TRANSMISSION OF VOICE AND DATA OVER SAME LINE TO TELEPHONE USERS WORLDWIDE SIMULTANEOUS TRANSMISSION OF VOICE AND DATA OVER SAME LINE TO TELEPHONE USERS WORLDWIDE*

24. USES OF ISDN CUSTOMER SERVICE APPLICATION: Customer’s records automatically sent to service representative’s workstation when customer calls in CUSTOMER SERVICE APPLICATION: Customer’s records automatically sent to service representative’s workstation when customer calls in SOLVES DIAL-IN PROBLEMS INTO CORPORATE NETWORK FOR TELECOMMUTERS, BRANCH OFFICES SOLVES DIAL-IN PROBLEMS INTO CORPORATE NETWORK FOR TELECOMMUTERS, BRANCH OFFICES*

25. NEW WAN AND LAN TECHNOLOGY ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE (ATM): Switching technology employing fast packet switching. Emerging standard for broadband ISDN. Speeds from 1.544 mbps to 622 mbps. Represents the future for both LANs and WANs ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE (ATM): Switching technology employing fast packet switching. Emerging standard for broadband ISDN. Speeds from 1.544 mbps to 622 mbps. Represents the future for both LANs and WANs*

26. PROTOCOL RULES & PROCEDURES TO GOVERN TRANSMISSION BETWEEN COMPONENTS IN A NETWORK *

27. NETWORK PROTOCOLS OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION (OSI): Reference model, emerging standard OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION (OSI): Reference model, emerging standard TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP/IP): Standard used on the Internet TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP/IP): Standard used on the Internet SYSTEMS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE (SNA): IBM standard SYSTEMS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE (SNA): IBM standard FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP): Allows file transfer on Internet FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP): Allows file transfer on Internet*

28. INTERNET NETWORK OF NETWORKS THAT USE THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL, WITH GATEWAYS (CONNECTIONS) TO OTHER NETWORKS THAT DO NOT USE TCP/IP NETWORK OF NETWORKS THAT USE THE TCP/IP PROTOCOL, WITH GATEWAYS (CONNECTIONS) TO OTHER NETWORKS THAT DO NOT USE TCP/IP INTERNET APPLICATIONS: e-mail, Usenet newsgroups, listserv, FTP, Gopher, Archie, Veronica, World Wide Web INTERNET APPLICATIONS: e-mail, Usenet newsgroups, listserv, FTP, Gopher, Archie, Veronica, World Wide Web*

29. CONNECTIONS TO INTERNET PHONE LINE MODEM PHONE LINE MODEM CABLE MODEM CABLE MODEM DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) T-1 DATA PHONE LINE T-1 DATA PHONE LINE SATELLITE SATELLITE FIBER OPTICS FIBER OPTICS*

30. INTRANET A NETWORK OPERATING WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION EMPLOYING TCP/IP PROTOCOL A NETWORK OPERATING WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION EMPLOYING TCP/IP PROTOCOL ORGANIZATION USES SAME WEB BROWSER, CRAWLER, SERVER SOFTWARE AS IT WOULD ON THE INTERNET, BUT INTRANET IS NOT ACCESSIBLE FROM OUTSIDE THE ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION USES SAME WEB BROWSER, CRAWLER, SERVER SOFTWARE AS IT WOULD ON THE INTERNET, BUT INTRANET IS NOT ACCESSIBLE FROM OUTSIDE THE ORGANIZATION*

31. CONNECTIVITY MEASURE OF ABILITY OF COMPUTING DEVICES TO PASS & SHARE INFORMATION WITHOUT HUMAN INTERVENTION MEASURE OF ABILITY OF COMPUTING DEVICES TO PASS & SHARE INFORMATION WITHOUT HUMAN INTERVENTION OPEN SYSTEMS: Software able to function on different computer platforms. Nonproprietary operating systems, applications, protocols OPEN SYSTEMS: Software able to function on different computer platforms. Nonproprietary operating systems, applications, protocols*