1. Cultural Awareness In Youth Exchange Dennis White dkwhite@itol.com

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3. Historical Cross-Cultural Travelers:
Marco Polo Christopher Columbus Mark Twain

4. “You can’t trust your eyes if your mind is out of focus.”
Mark Twain

5. Confronting Ethnocentrism in literature and Film
Robinson Crusoe Huck Finn Michener’s Hawaii The Poisonwood Bible

6. Some Films That Present Differences in Cultural Values.doc
People can learn to look for issues in crossing cultures in popular films
Some Films That Present Differences in Cultural Values.doc 

7. Some Films That Present Differences in Cultural Values.doc
Dances With Wolves
Some Films That Present Differences in Cultural Values.doc 

8. The history of crossing cultures has been the history of confronting differences

9. Research suggests that the path to preparing culturally competent individuals involves both (a) Area Studies. Language, cultural customs, etc.
(b) Theoretical Orientation to Culture, including simulations and roleplays.

10. Both are useful. But there are disadvantages to a.
It’s hard to find enough experts.
Within any national culture are many sub cultures.
All cultures are dynamic and constantly changing.

11. What is culture?

12. Culture is learned behavior, not
hereditary or genetic.
Culture is the acquired knowledge
(not indigenous or instinctual) that
groups use in order to interpret the
world around them, to generate social behavior, and to decipher the behavior
of others.

13. Culture is everything that is not a
part of nature.
As an example, a tree is part of the natural world whereas a wooden chair, made from the tree, is part of the multiple inventions and manifestations of culture.

14. What is culture?

15. Culture
An integrated system of learned behavior patterns that are characteristic of any given society or group. It refers to the total way of life, including how people think, feel and behave.

16. Think of color-blindness as culture-blindness

22. Ethnocentrism:
The universal tendency for any culture to see its own values and practices as natural and correct.

23. Native American/First Canadian terms for themselves: Human Beings
The Mediterranean Sea
“China” means “middle earth”
In Ecuador, the monument at the equator is roughly translated as “The middle of the world”

24. Ethnorelativism:
The acquired ability to see many values, beliefs and behaviors as cultural rather than universal.

25. dev interc sensit non Rotary.ppt
Developing Intercultural Sensitivity
The Experience of Difference
Acceptance Adaptation Integration
Denial Defense Minimization
Ethnocentric Stages
Ethnorelative Stages
dev interc sensit non Rotary.ppt 
One World or Many.doc 

26. Ethnocentrism to Ethnorelativism
Developing cultural sensitivity and competence requires moving from
Ethnocentrism to Ethnorelativism

27. “The world in which you were born is just one model of reality
“The world in which you were born is just one model of reality. Other cultures are not failed attempts at being like you. They are unique manifestations of the human spirit ”.
Wade Davis

28. Defensiveness
Recognizing a cultural practice as different but labeling it wrong or inferior.
Or, by labeling one’s own practice superior.

29. Our own culture, or sub-culture, comes to us as naturally and unconsciously as our handedness. We generally don’t think about what hand we will use to write our names Changing our cultural point of view is about as hard as changing our handedness. Both are possible, but neither is easy. .

30. More easily perceived differences, in language, food, dress, etc
More easily perceived differences, in language, food, dress, etc., may obscure deeper, more subtle differences in values and thinking patterns.

31. Unconscious beliefs and values
The Cultural Iceberg
Conscious behaviors
1/8th above the surface
Unconscious beliefs and values
7/8ths below the surface

33. Individualism Group Orientation
Formality Informality
Past Future
Directness Indirectness
Change Permanence

34. Change Permanence

35. Individualism Group orientation

36. The development of the personal listening device.
Case study:
The development of the personal listening device.
Walkman – Discman – MP3 – Ipod

37. Many Middle-Eastern cultures
Individualism
Change Permanence
Many Middle-Eastern cultures
Group orientation

38. Culture Shock and Reverse Culture Shock Presentation.ppt
The profound sense of disorientation and discomfort that comes with extended travel or living in a foreign culture markedly different from one’s own.
Culture Shock and Reverse Culture Shock Presentation.ppt
Culture Shock.doc 

39. Stages of Culture Shock
Initial excitement
Irritability and negativeness
Gradual adaptation
Biculturalism
Culture Shock.doc

40. “Some travelers want to go to foreign places but are dismayed when the places turn out actually to be foreign.” Canadian author Margaret Atwood

41. Culture Shock Cycle Adapted from a model by Robert Kohls
Rotary Youth Exchange
Culture Shock Cycle
Months
Pre-Departure
Return …...
Normal Level of Feelings
Adapted from a model by Robert Kohls

42. Reverse Culture Shock
Initial Euphoria (may be very brief or not happen at all)
Irritability and Negativism ( may be very lengthy)
Gradual Adaptation
True Bi-Culturalism
Going Home.doc
So You Think You're Home Now.doc

43. Culture Shock and Reverse Culture Shock are not just unpleasant side effects of international living.
They are the necessary ingredients that bring about quality exchanges.

45. When you travel, remember that a foreign country is not designed to make you comfortable. It is designed to make its own people comfortable.
Clifton Fadiman

47. The Value of Simulations, Games and Related Exercises
What they all offer is for participants to simulate the experience of intercultural interaction, including the uncertainty, frustration, and related emotions that arise.
Games, Simulations and Other Learning Exercises.ppt 

48. The Value of Simulations, Games and Related Exercises
These exercises are only as valuable as the discussion that follows – where behavioral observations, feelings and learning points are discussed
Games, Simulations and Other Learning Exercises.ppt 

49. Examples:
Broken Squares
Build A Tower
Barnga
Bafa Bafa

50. dev interc sensit non Rotary.ppt
Developing Intercultural Sensitivity
The Experience of Difference
Acceptance Adaptation Integration
Denial Defense Minimization
Ethnocentric Stages
Ethnorelative Stages
dev interc sensit non Rotary.ppt 
One World or Many.doc 

51. The Theoretical Frameworks:
The concept of Culture as a way of perceiving reality.
The Experience of Difference Continuum.
Dimensions of Culture.
Stages of Culture Shock.

52. SHARON: So, Maria, your sister will be graduating in May.
Near the Family  
SHARON: So, Maria, your sister will be graduating in May.
MARIA: Yes she is very happy.
SHARON: Does she have a job lined up?
MARIA: Yes. She’ll be working for the Central Bank.
SHARON: Good for her. Has she found a place to live yet?
MARIA: Actually, the bank is very near my parents‘ place.
SHARON: That's nice. So she’ll be living quite near them.

53. Dennis White, Ph.D.
207 S. 4th Avenue
Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, USA
Telephone:
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