1. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Section 1- Protecting our environment Looking at tasks associated with one of the most important areas of our work.

2. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Identify potential environment problems:  Extreme changes in temperature  Potential flooding  Ground erosion (water and wind)  Corrosion of steel pipelines

3. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Extreme changes in temperature! Temperature can reach 120 degrees F in the hot sun and drop into the 50s or 60s at night. In conditions like this, pipelines can snake across the sand as they expand and contract. This expansion and contraction can place tremendous stress on lines.

4. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Extreme changes in temperature! One solution to extremes in ground surface temperature is to burry pipelines. However, wind and water erosion can uncover buried lines. Extreme temperature changes are common in semi-arid and near desert terrain: parts of the Texas Panhandle as well as western Oklahoma.

5. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Potential Flooding  Flash floods are common in most of the southwestern states.  Floods can cause water erosion under and around equipment and pipelines.  Debris in flood waters can also subject pipelines and equipment to impact.  This can cause ground erosion.

6. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Ground erosion!

7. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Wind erosion  When water erosion isn’t a problem in much of the southwest, wind erosion is!  In sandy ground, wind erosion can burry or uncover pipelines.  Wind can also erode ground support for pipelines weakening the line.  Wind can can also pickup sand and blast lease equipment.

8. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Corrosion of steel  Corrosion of steel pipelines and lease equipment can be severe given the wrong environment.  Corrosion can be so severe that it can destroy new schedule 40 steel pipe within 6 months or less.

9. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Types of corrosion  Acidic corrosion.  H 2 S gas corrosion  Anaerobic sulfate reducing bacteria  Chemicals in produced water  Water and trace oxygen  Scale buildup and corrosion –Barium sulfide deposits, commingled H 2 O  Erosion accelerated corrosion

10. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Fighting corrosion  Corrosion inhibiting chemicals  Scale inhibiting chemicals  Bactericide chemicals  Oxygen scavengers  Gas blankets  Special metals, plastics, fiberglass  Cathodic protection  Coating or wrapping pipelines

11. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Soil remediation  Surface soil (0 to 6”) may be contaminated by produced water.  Soils affected by water containing salt may be treated with lime. –CaCO 3 is spread across the affected area. –Farming type equipment is used to work the powered lime into the soil.

12. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Water as a diluent  Fresh water may be used as a diluent.  Vacuum truck hauls fresh water to the location of the spill.  Produced water is diluted with the fresh water and sucked up for disposal.

13. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns Crude oil spills  Petroleum spills and leaks pose environmental & economic problems.  Some crude oil can be salvaged using vacuum trucks.  However, the soil sometimes requires organic or bioremediation.  Typically uses fertilizer or manure and a mulch to compost with the oil.

14. Training in Oil & Gas Production for BP Technical Interns This product was funded by a grant awarded under the President’s High Growth Job Training Initiative as implemented by the US Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. The Information contained in this product was created by a grantee organization and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the US Department of Labor. All references to non- governmental companies or organizations, their services, products, or resources are offered for informational purposes and should not be construed as an endorsement by the Department of Labor. This product is copyrighted by the institution that created it and is intended for individual organizational, non-commercial use only.