1. Chapter 2 & 3: States of Matter I can explain the relationship between matter, atoms, and elements I can distinguish between elements and compounds I can write chemical formulas I can distinguish between pure substances and mixtures I can identify chemical and physical properties I can compare and contrast physical changes and chemical changes I can describe four common states of matter I can list the different changes of state of matter I can state the law of conservation of mass and conservation of energy I can explain how gases differ from solids and liquids I can describe what density is and how to calculate density using an equation or graph

2. CHAPTER 2, SECTIONS 1-3

3. Matter MMatter is anything that has mass and occupies space

4. Matter: Everything is Made of!  There are two types of matter: 1. Pure Substances Elements Compounds 2. Mixtures Homogeneous (same all the way throughout) Heterogeneous (different throughout)

5. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space! Pure substances (can not be broken into simpler compounds and still maintain the same properties) Elements (1 – simple)Compounds (2 or more) Homogeneous (same throughout) Examples Examples: Silver Gold Oxygen Hydrogen Carbon Examples: Salt: NaCl Carbon dioxide Water MgBr 2 Examples: Kool-Aid Coffee Salt water The air we breathe Hershey barExamples: Hershey bar (with almonds) Pizza Vegetable soup Salad Blood All pure substances are homogeneous Mixtures (made of two or more substances that can easily be separated) Heterogeneous (not same throughout)

6. Classify the Following Examples as Heterogeneous or Homogeneous: Hershey Bar? ______________________ Snickers Bar? ______________________ Pizza? ____________________________ Italian Dressing? ___________________ Hot Chocolate? ____________________ Homogeneous Heterogeneous

7. Properties of Matter  Used to describe or identify matter Color Shape Texture Size Melting point Boiling point Malleability Density

8. Density  A measurement of how much matter is in a certain volume of a substance Low density = “light” High density = “heavy”  Determines if an object will sink or float Density = Mass / Volume

9. Practice Problem #1 (density = mass/volume) LList items which will float on the particular sample of ice from the previous problem: ____________ ____________ ____________ Air Wood Methanol

10. Chemical Properties  Used to describe how matter reacts Flammability Toxicity Heat of combustion Oxidation state(s) Half-Life

11. Chemical Change vs. Physical Change Chemical Change: A change that occurs to produce new substances (cannot be reversed) Physical Change: a change that does not produce a new substance (can be reversed) Color ChangeTearing Production of Heat/LightCutting Formation of precipitateFolding Formation of a gasPainting Example: rustMelting Example: bakingFreezing Example: food digestionBoiling Example: rottingDissolving Example: leaves changing colorExample: ice cube melting

12. Classify the Following Examples as Physical or Chemical Change: Tearing paper? ____________________ Boiling Water? ____________________ Making Kool-Aid? __________________ Teeth Rotting? ___________________ Physical Chemical

13. Ways to Separate a Mixture  Stir with a magnet to separate magnetic from nonmagnetic materials  A centrifuge is a device that separates solid from a liquid by spinning tubes in a circle like a washing machine spins. The solid particles settle to the bottom of the tube.  Filtration is the removal of a solid from a liquid by the liquid passing through the pores of the filter paper, and the paper trapping the solid.

14. CHAPTER 3, SECTION 1

15. Matter Changes by Adding or Removing Energy (aka heat)

16. Matter Can NEVER be Created or Destroyed  Law of Conservation of Mass States that matter can be changed from one form into another, but the total amount of mass remains constant