1. Globalisation: Must the Irish Government choose between Irish firms and MNEs? Prof. David Jacobson DCU Business School

2. Can we choose?

3. Irish Industrial Policy 1932-1958 ISI 1932-1958 ISI 1958-1980/90ELI through FDI, and EU membership 1958-1980/90ELI through FDI, and EU membership 1980/90-2007ELI through FDI & indigenous firms 1980/90-2007ELI through FDI & indigenous firms Linkage Policy (1985) Linkage Policy (1985) Pilot Network Programme (1996) Pilot Network Programme (1996) Enterprise Ireland (1998) Enterprise Ireland (1998) Ahead of the Curve (2005) Ahead of the Curve (2005)

4. Global Trends Fordism Fordism Post-Fordism Post-Fordism Global, local and glocal Global, local and glocal

5. Sub-Sector Stories Furniture industry Furniture industry Software manual printing industry Software manual printing industry Fish processing Fish processing Bakeries Bakeries Printing Printing

6. Furniture Alternative modes of embedded networking: Alternative modes of embedded networking: Monaghan Industrial District – spatial proximity Monaghan Industrial District – spatial proximity Torc – organisational proximity Torc – organisational proximity “Stretched” embeddedness: “Stretched” embeddedness: Recent developments: Monaghan firms’ links abroad Recent developments: Monaghan firms’ links abroad

7. James O’Reilly & Sons (4) Coyles (147) S F Quinn (29) Sherry Bros. (93) Neeson (27) Glenwood (27) McNally & Finlay (72) Woodland (75) K & T (4) M Duffy (3) S-Mac Kitchens (3) Cadden Carvers (4) Hallmark (32) Scotstown (24 ) Tydavnet (20) Treanor (2) Callery (2) P McCabe (2) McGuigans (18) Leonard (3) D Kerr (3) Ferdale (6)Style Woods (2) J Walsh (3) Key Firms that are directly related to Coyles; their founders worked in Coyles Firms that are indirectly related to Coyles; their founders worked in firms that were established by former employees of Coyles Firms that are not related to Coyles; their founders never worked in Coyles. Pre- 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s The Genealogical Tree of Furniture in Monaghan

8. The Torc Network PNP network brokers (Danish model) PNP network brokers (Danish model) Three firms: Dublin, Wicklow, Cork Three firms: Dublin, Wicklow, Cork Joint marketing venture, hotel furniture UK Joint marketing venture, hotel furniture UK Mutual learning, e.g. outsourcing Mutual learning, e.g. outsourcing

9. Recent Developments John E. Coyle - €3m Enterprise Ireland re- equipment grant; impact on local linkages? John E. Coyle - €3m Enterprise Ireland re- equipment grant; impact on local linkages? Woodland Products – WCM, Romanian partner, 90% exports Woodland Products – WCM, Romanian partner, 90% exports

10. Software Manual Printers Software MNEs in Ireland, 1985-1990 Software MNEs in Ireland, 1985-1990 Microsoft, Apple/Claris, IBM/Lotus, Digital, Oracle, Symantec, Borland Microsoft, Apple/Claris, IBM/Lotus, Digital, Oracle, Symantec, Borland Manual printers Manual printers Ormond, Cahills, Printech, Mt Salus, Smurfit, Printcraft, Colorman, Donnelly Ormond, Cahills, Printech, Mt Salus, Smurfit, Printcraft, Colorman, Donnelly Decline of SMPI, rise of CD-ROM, 1995-2003 Decline of SMPI, rise of CD-ROM, 1995-2003 Decline of CD-ROM, 2003- Decline of CD-ROM, 2003- Rise of broadband… Rise of broadband…

11. SMPI and CD-ROM

12. Recent Developments Sonopress (300); Sonopress (300); Zomax bought Kao 2003, Zomax operations in Ireland merged in JV with MPO 2006; Zomax bought Kao 2003, Zomax operations in Ireland merged in JV with MPO 2006; Maxell opened 1996, closed 2001 (70); Maxell opened 1996, closed 2001 (70); Saturn opened 1996, closed 2003. Saturn opened 1996, closed 2003.

13. Other Sub-Sectors Fish processing: Fish processing: Leader firm-supplier strategic alliance (Superquinn-Oceanpath ) Leader firm-supplier strategic alliance (Superquinn-Oceanpath ) Printing: Printing: Five Dublin firms in the Printing Consortium of Ireland Five Dublin firms in the Printing Consortium of Ireland Bakeries: Bakeries: No horizontal cooperation. One major success, Cuisine de France No horizontal cooperation. One major success, Cuisine de France

14. Conclusions I Integration of high-tech and low-tech Integration of high-tech and low-tech Rapid introduction of new tech by Irish SMEs in printing industry: market-driven learning? What about Oceanpath? Rapid introduction of new tech by Irish SMEs in printing industry: market-driven learning? What about Oceanpath? For indigenous development: preferred suppliers (SMPI) and/or SME networks (PCI, TORC) and/or stretched embeddedness (Coyle, Woodland) and/or autonomous growth (Cuisine de France)? Sub-sector specificity… For indigenous development: preferred suppliers (SMPI) and/or SME networks (PCI, TORC) and/or stretched embeddedness (Coyle, Woodland) and/or autonomous growth (Cuisine de France)? Sub-sector specificity…

15. Conclusions II The software MNEs formed alliances with CD- ROM pressing companies - displacing indigenous SMEs; but in fish processing the Superquinn- Oceanpath alliance successful The software MNEs formed alliances with CD- ROM pressing companies - displacing indigenous SMEs; but in fish processing the Superquinn- Oceanpath alliance successful Institutions: Institutions: Informal - Cultural impediments to SME co-operation in printing; but lessons learned, e.g. PCI Informal - Cultural impediments to SME co-operation in printing; but lessons learned, e.g. PCI Formal - Inappropriate policies/regulation, so delays in broadband; but success elsewhere, e.g. National and Regional Linkage Programmes, and Pilot Network Programme Formal - Inappropriate policies/regulation, so delays in broadband; but success elsewhere, e.g. National and Regional Linkage Programmes, and Pilot Network Programme

16. Conclusions III Are indigenous firms and MNEs alternatives? Are indigenous firms and MNEs alternatives? Are there alternative policies? Are there alternative policies? Can Ireland be a ‘sticky place in slippery space’? Can Ireland be a ‘sticky place in slippery space’?