1. DECEMBER 1941 – MAY, 1942

2. IMPORTANT GEOGRAPHIC AREAS (see map,p.260) THE PHILIPPINES TAIWAN (FORMOSA) INDOCHINA MALAYA (MALAYAN PENINSULA) SINGAPORE INDONESIA BURMA NEW GUINEA THE SOLOMON ISLANDS THE CORAL SEA AUSTRALIA MIDWAY ISLAND WAKE ISLAND GUAM ISLAND

3. KEY INDIVIDUALS ADMIRAL CHESTER NIMITZ, USN ADMIRAL RAYMOND SPRUANCE, USN ADMIRAL FRANK FLETCHER, USN ADMIRAL WILLIAM HALSEY, USN ADMIRAL ISORUKU YAMAMOTO, IJN ADMIRAL CHUICHI NAGUMO, IJN GENERAL DOUGLAS MacARTHUR, USA GENERAL ARTHUR PERCIVAL, UK GENERAL TOMOYUKI YAMASHITA, IJA

4. KEY DATES DEC. 8, 1941: WAKE ISLAND CAPTURED DEC. 10, 1941: GUAM ISLAND CAPTURED JAN. 27, 1942: BATTLE OF THE JAVA SEA FEB. 15, 1942: SINGAPORE SURRENDERS APRIL 9, 1942: BATAAN SURRENDER / BATAAN DEATH MARCH BEGINS APRIL 22, 1942: BURMA SURRENDERS TO JAPANESE MAY 6, 1942: FALL OF CORREGIDOR PHILIPPINES ARE JAPANESE-CONTROLLED

5. POLITICAL MAP OF THE WORLD

7. JAPANESE EXPANSION & CONQUEST IN S.E. ASIA & THE SOUTH PACIFIC, 1941-42

8. 1941-42 JAPANESE EXPANSION WHERE? INTO WHAT AREAS OF ASIA & THE PACIFIC DID JAPAN EXTEND HER EMPIRE IN LATE 1941, EARLY 1942? FRENCH INDOCHINA THAILAND MALAYAN PENINSULA / SINGAPORE INDONESIA PHILIPPINES BURMA NEW GUINEA PACIFIC ISLANDS (WAKE, GUAM, etc.) WHY? WHAT WERE THE SPECIFIC REASONS FOR CONQUEST IN EACH AREA? INDOCHINA: RUBBER, FOOD THAILAND: FOOD, STRATEGIC LOCATIONS (military) MALAYA / SINGAPORE: NAVAL BASES (strategic location) INDONESIA: OIL, MINERALS PHILIPPINES: STRATEGIC LOCATIONS (military) BURMA: STAGING AREA FOR INVASION OF INDIA NEW GUINEA: STRATEGIC LOCATION STAGING AREA FOR INVASION OF AUSTRALIA PACIFIC ISLANDS: OUTLER LINE OF MILITARY BASES

10. JAPANESE EMPIRE 1940-1942 STRATEGY SECURE FOREIGN RESOURCES SECURE MARITIME ROUTES FOR RESOURCES ESTABLISH DEFENSIVE PERIMTER: CONQUEST FORTIFY DEFENSIVE PERIMTER w/IJA & IJN

11. BREWSTER F2A “BUFFALO” FIGHTER PLANE IN R.A.F. SERVICE, SINGAPORE, 1941

12. R.A.F. SQUADRON WITH F2A BUFFALO PLANES, MALAYA, 1941

13. MITSUBISHI GM1/2 “BETTY” HEAVY BOMBER, 1941-42

14. MITSUBISHI “BETTY” BOMBERS IN FORMATION

17. IJA TROOPS CROSSING RIVER W/BICYCLES, PHILIPPINES,1942

18. SINGAPORE MALAYA & SINGAPORE: BRITISH-HELD COLONY THAT CONTROLLED WATER ROUTES FROM PACIFIC TO INDIAN OCEAN STRAIT OF MALACCA – MOST IMPORTANT WATER ROUTE SINGAPORE: BRITISH NAVAL / MILITARY BASE AT ENTRANCE TO STRAIT OF MALACCA JAPANESE NEEDED LOCATION FOR FURTHER EXPANSION JAN.-FEB., 1942: JAPANESE ASSAULT MALAYA & SINGAPORE BRITISH DEFENSIVE POSITIONS ARE TOO THIN JAPANESE ASSAULT IS RAPID FEB. 15, 1942: SINGAPORE SURRENDERS FALL OF SINGAPORE IS DISASTER FOR BRITISH & ALLIES LARGEST SURRENDER IN BRITISH MILITARY HISTORY (130,000 TROOPS) Q: WHY IS FALL OF SINGAPORE SO DEVESTATING FOR ALLIES?

19. JAPANESE INVASION OF MALAYA AND SINGAPORE, DEC. – FEB., 1941-42

20. JAPANESE 25 TH ARMY ADVANCES, MALAYA, DEC. – FEB., 1941-42

21. JAPAN’S ASSAULT ON MALAYA, JAN. – FEB. 1941-42

22. Lt.GEN. ARTHUR PERCIVAL, COMMANDER, SINGAPORE

23. JAPANESE ASSUALT ON SINGAPORE FEBRUARY, 1942

24. BRITISH SURRENDER TO JAPANESE, SINGAPORE, FEB. 15, 1942

25. GEN. TOMOYUKI YAMASHITA, IJA, “THE TIGER OF MALAYA”

26. TOMOYUKI YAMASHITA

27. GEN. PERCIVAL SURRENDERS SINGAPORE TO GEN. YAMASHITA

28. JAPANESE TROOPS CELEBRATE THE FALL OF SINGAPORE

29. BRITISH TROOPS SURRENDER AT SINGAPORE

30. BRITISH ARMY OFFICERS SURRENDER TO JAPANESE

31. JAPANESE EXPANSION & CONQUEST IN S.E. ASIA & THE SOUTH PACIFIC, DEC.,’41-MAY ‘42

32. INDONESIA & S. PACIFIC FALL OF SINGAPORE: GIVES JAPAN CONTROL OF STRAIT OF MALACCA PROVIDES BASE FOR ASSAULT ON INDONESIA INDONESIA: JAPAN NEEDS RESOURCES FOUND THERE: OIL METALS WILL PROVIDE BASE FOR ASSAULT ON NEW GUINEA AUSTRALIANS CANNOT DEFEND AUSTRALIA w/out ALLIED SUPPORT ALLIES POOL FORCES AND CREATED “ABDA” FORCE “ABDA” (AMERICAN-BRITISH-DUTCH-AUSTRALIAN) RELIES ON ALLIED NAVAL FORCES TO PREVENT CONQUEST OF INDONESIA FEB. 27, 1942: BATTLE OF JAVA SEA: JAPANESE DEFEAT ALLIED NAVAL FORCE MARCH 12, 1942: DUTCH SURRENDER INDONESIA RESULT? NEW GUINEA IS OPEN FOR INVASION AUSTRALIA IS DIRECTLY THREATENED WITH INVASION

33. THE PHILIPPINES WHEN? DEC., 1941-MAY, 1942 WHY? U.S. PACIFIC FORCES ARE THERE & ARE THREAT TO JAPAN STRATEGIC LOCATION FOR EXPANSION GEN. DOUGLAS MacARTHUR IS IN COMMAND U.S. / FILIPINO FORCES ARE… UNDERSTRENGTH (only 28,ooo combat-ready troops)* UNPREPARED ISOLATED FROM U.S. *More troops were available, but they weren’t adequately prepared for combat DEC.8, 1941: ATTACK BEGINS; U.S. AIR FORCES DESTROYED (similar to Pearl Harbor) MacARTHUR DOESN’T REACT QUICKLY JAPANESE ASSAULT IS RAPID – LIKE MALAYA LATE DEC./EARLY JAN. – ALLIED FORCES PUSHED INTO BATAAN PENINSULA & CORREGIDOR ISLAND MARCH 12: MacARTHUR ORDERED TO LEAVE BY F.D.R. APRIL 9, 1942: BATAAN FORCES SURRENDER; BATAAN DEATH MARCH BEGINS MAY 6, 1942: CORREGIDOR SURRENDERS RESULT? PHILIPPINES ARE CONTROLLED BY JAPAN SO WHAT?

34. GENERAL DOUGLAS MacARTHUR, COMMANDER, U.S. FORCES, PHILIPPINES LATER COMMANDER, U.S. FORCES, SOUTHWEST PACIFIC

35. GEN. DOUGLAS MacARTHUR

36. MacARTHUR STATUE, PRESENT-DAY, PHILIPPINES “I SHALL RETURN” Douglas MacArthur, 1942

37. LT. GENERAL MASAHARU HOMMA, COMMANDING OFFICER, JAPANESE FORCES, PHILIPPINES, 1942

38. JAPANESE INVASION OF THE PHILIPPINES, 1941-42

39. THE FALL OF BATAAN, APRIL 1942

40. THE FALL OF CORREGIDOR, MAY 1942

42. JAPANESE TROOPS GIVING “BANZAI” AFTER FALL OF CORREGIDOR

44. U.S. & FILIPINO PRISONERS AFTER SURRENDER TO JAPANESE

45. BATAAN DEATH MARCH BEGINS

46. THE BATAAN DEATH MARCH WHEN? APRIL 9 – 16, 1942 WHERE? BATAAN PENINSULA, PHILIPPINES WHAT? FORCED MARCH OF U.S. & FILIPINO P.O.W.s FROM BATAAN PENINSULA TO CAMP O’DONNELL (JAPANESE PRISON CAMP) APPROXIMATELY 80,000 U.S. & FILIPINO P.O.W.s (approx. 67,000 FILIPINOS, 12,000 U.S., & 1,000 CHINESE-FILIPINOS) WHAT HAPPENED? JAPANESE HAD UNDERESTIMATED # OF P.O.W.s THEY WOULD HAVE TO TRANSPORT DID NOT HAVE ADEQUATE SUPPLIES & TRANSPORT FOR ALL P.O.W.s FORCED MARCH WAS JAPANESE SOLUTION DISTANCE TO P.O.W. CAMP WAS 65 mi. (approx. distance) JAPANESE GUARDS COMMIT NUMEROUS ATROCITIES AGAINST P.O.W.s DURING MARCH EXAMLES: SHOOTING, BAYONETINGS, BEHEADINGS, BEATINGS, DENIAL OF WATER/FOOD, THEFT, RAPE FINAL RESULT? ONLY 54,000 OF TOTAL # REACHED CAMP O’DONNELL CASUALTIES: 10,000 FILIPINO, 700 U.S. KILLED (approx.) – 25% DEATH RATE MORE DIED OVER TIME IN P.O.W. CAMPS NEWS OF BATAAN DETAH MARCH REACHED U.S. & U.S. PUBLIC IS ENRAGED PERPETRATORS WERE TRIED FOR WAR CRIMES AFTER WWII

49. DEATH MARCH NEARS PRISON CAMP

51. ARTIST’S RENDITION OF THE BATAAN DEATH MARCH

54. IJA OFFICER EXECUTES DEATH MARCH PRISONER, BATAAN, APRIL, 1942

56. CHARRED REMAINS OF U.S. SERVICEMAN BURNED ALIVE IN PHILIPPINES PRISON CAMP BY IJA BEING PREPARED FOR BURIAL

59. PRESENT-DAY DEATH MARCH MARKER

61. U.S. PROPAGANDA POSTER, 1942

62. AUSTRALIAN PROPAGANDA POSTER, 1942

63. ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ANTI-AMERICAN JAPANESE PROPAGANDA POSTER

64. JAPANESE ASSAULT ON THAILAND, DECEMBER, 1941

65. JAPANESE ASSAULT ON BURMA, SPRING 1942

66. JAPANESE ADVANCE TOWARDS INDIA, 1941-42

67. JAPANESE CONQUESTS, DEC., 1941-MAY, 1942

69. 1941-42 FINAL RESULTS JAPAN HAS EXTENDED EMPIRE OVER MOST OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC / FAR EAST ASIA LIMITS OF JAPANESE EMPIRE: NORTH: ALASKA & BORDERS OF THE USSR EAST: WAKE ISLAND WEST: INDIA & CENTRAL CHINA SOUTH: NEW GUINEA & BORDERS OF AUSTRALIA SPRING, 1942 - JAPAN IS PREPARING FOR: ASSAULT ON AUSTRALIA ASSAULT AGAINST MIDWAY ISLAND ASSAULT AGAINST EASTERN INDIA JAPANESE ARE… ADVANCING ON ALL FRONTS APPEARING TO BE “UNSTOPPABLE”

70. THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN, 1942