1. Cultures Clash on the Prairie
Section 13-1 pp

2. Preview Questions How did the Plains Indians live?
Why did Indians and settlers fight each other?
Why did assimilation fail?
What caused the cattle business to grow?

3. The Culture of the Plains Indians
Live on the Great Plains
Some tribes nomadic
Depend on horse & buffalo
Live in communities
Use tribal governments
Very spiritual
No private land ownership

4. Government Restricts Native Americans
Native Americans and white settlers often clashed over the use of land and resources.
Government needs more land for RR’s, so they give boundaries to the tribes.

5. Government Restricts Native Americans
Treaty of Ft. Laramie
Most Sioux agree to live on a reservation
Sitting Bull never signs it

6. Government Restricts Native Americans
Battle of Little Big Horn (1876)
Sitting Bull defeats Gen. George Custer and all U.S. troops
Native Americans retreat to Canada
Surrender to U.S. Army to avoid starvation

7. Government Supports Assimilation
Assimilation: Native Americans give up their beliefs and culture to become part of white culture.
Dawes Act (1887)
Government plan of forced assimilation
Broke up reservations
Failure

8. The Battle of Wounded Knee
U.S. Army rounds up 300 Sioux and demanded the Sioux turn over their weapons
Fighting broke out
Army troops killed over 300 unarmed Sioux
Signals an end of the “Indian Wars”

9. Cattle Becomes Big Business
Americans herded longhorn cattle on the Great Plains.
Cowboys adopted much of their culture from Mexican vaqueros.

10. Cattle Becomes Big Business
Growth in urban cities increased demand for beef.
Cattle ranchers had to herd the cattle along trails to Kansas, where they would be shipped by RR’s to Chicago.

11. Settling on the Great Plains
Section 13-2 pp

12. Preview Questions
How did the U.S. government encourage people to go west?
What was life like for settlers of the West?

13. Preview Questions
How did the U.S. government encourage people to go west?
What was life like for settlers of the West?

14. Government Supports Settlement
Homestead Act:
Gave 160 acres of land to anyone who would farm it for five years
Included exodusters
Oklahoma Land Giveaway
Created “sooners”

15. Settlers Meet Challenges of Plains
Challenges Included
Environmental Challenges
Loneliness
Amount of Work
Low Crop Prices
High Shipping Prices
High Equipment Prices
Loans

16. Farmers and the Populist Movement
Section 13-3 pp

17. Preview Questions How did farmers fight back?
What did the Populist movement hope to achieve?

18. Farmers Unite to Address Problems
Problems for Farmers
Low Crop Prices
Overproduction
Scarcity of Land
High Shipping Prices (RR’s)

19. Farmers Unite to Address Problems
The Grange
Founded by Oliver Hudson Kelly in 1867
Purpose: To provide a place for farmers to discuss social and educational issues
Instrumental in fight against RR’s

20. Rise and Fall of Populism
Populism: A movement to gain political and economic power for common people

21. Rise and Fall of Populism
Populist Party Platform
Reforms to help farmers and laborers
Increase money supply to increase prices
Loan programs
8 hour work day
Immigration restrictions
Reforms to make government more democratic
Direct election of Senators
Secret-ballot elections

22. Rise and Fall of Populism
Panic of 1893
Causes
Overextension of credit
Overspending
Bankruptcies
Effects
Businesses and Banks Fail
High Unemployment
Debate about bimetallism

23. Rise and Fall of Populism
Gold Standard
Bimetallism
Less money in circulation
Prices fall
Value of money increases
Fewer people have money
Loans repaid in stable money
Favored by Republicans
More money in circulation
Prices increase
Value of money decreases
More people have money
Products would be sold at higher prices
Favored by Democrats

24. Rise and Fall of Populism
Election of 1896
William McKinley (R) defeated William Jennings Bryan (D)
Signals an end of the Populist Movement