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Phonetics
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What is Phonetics? DEFINITION
COMPONENTS OF PHONETICS Identifying the place of articulation in the vocal tract, mouth and nose. Identifying the manner of articulation, including how air is channeled and/or stopped during speech sounds. Identifying which speech sounds are used in any given language, and which are not. DEFINITION The study of how speech sounds are made, and which sounds are used in a given language.
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Speech Sounds How are they made? How are they classified?
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Types of Speech Sounds Consonants Vowels
Consonants are formed by the slowing or stopping air somewhere in the vocal tract Vowels Vowels are formed by changes in the shape of the vocal tract as air passes unimpeded
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The Phonetics of Consonants
Place of articulation means where the vocal tract is shut off or narrowed Manner of Articulation means how the vocal tract is shut off or narrowed Voicing means whether air is forced through the larynx or not
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The Anatomy of the Vocal Tract
Your homework is to go online and find out what the following articulatory places are and where they are located: Glottis Uvula
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Consonant Place of Articulation 1: Bilabials
Bilabials are accomplished by narrowing the vocal tract using both lips pin map boy
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Consonant Place of Articulation 2: Labiodentals
Labiodentals are accomplished by narrowing the vocal tract using both the lips and the teeth fan van
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Consonant Place of Articulation 3: Apicodental (Interdentals)
Apicodentals, also called interdentals are accomplished by narrowing the vocal tract using the tip (apex) of the tongue between the teeth to narrow the vocal tract there thing
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Consonant Place of Articulation 4: Apicoalveolar (Alveolar)
Apicoalveolar, also called alveolars are accomplished by narrowing the vocal tract using the tip (apex) of the tongue against the alveolar ridge behind the teeth dip tip
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Consonant Place of Articulation 5: Alveolarpalatal
Alveolarpalatal are accomplished by narrowing the vocal tract using the tip (apex) of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge at the front edge of the palate shout judge child
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Consonant Place of Articulation 6: Velums
Velums are accomplished by completely closing the vocal tract at the velum get cat
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Manner of Articulation
means how the shutting off or narrowing of the vocal tract is done
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Consonant Manner of Articulation 1: Stops
Stops are accomplished by completely obstructing the airstream pick get dig
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Consonant Manner of Articulation 2: Fricatives
Fricatives are accomplished by almost completely obstructing the airstream causing friction fish kiss shell
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Consonant Manner of Articulation 3: Affricatives
Affricatives are accomplished by stopping the air flow and then releasing air to cause friction child gym judge
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Consonant Manner of Articulation 4: Nasals
Nasals are accomplished by closing the vocal tract at the velum and forcing air through the nasal passages nickel man ring
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Consonant Manner of Articulation 5: Liquids
Liquids are accomplished by restricting but not closing off air flow leave ring
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Consonant Manner of Articulation 6: Glides
Glides are accomplished by restricting but not closing off air flow followed by a slight opening of the vocal tract yet wash whistle
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Consonant Manner of Articulation 7: Taps
Taps are accomplished by quickly tapping the tongue against another part of the vocal tract and is frequently found in the middle of a word letter ladder
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Consonant Manner of Articulation 8: Trills
Trills are accomplished by forcing the tongue, uvula or lips to vibrate In Spanish perro barrio
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Two Types of Voicing Voiced Unvoiced
sounds are made by narrowing the vocal cords and forcing air between them got bit Unvoiced sounds are made by opening the vocal cords and allowing air to flow past them caught pit
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Classification of Vowels
Four Criteria for Classifying Vowels: Tongue Height Tongue Location (toward back or front) Mouth & Lip Tension Lip Rounding Vs stretching
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Tongue Height Three Positions: High: bit straight pool cook
Mid Mouth: get wait spot rope Low: bat got
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Tongue Location Three Positions: Back: pool cook rope got
Center: but around Front: hit heat pet wait bat
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Mouth &Lip Tension Two States: Tense Relaxed heat hit soon soot
wait wet
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Lip Rounding Two States: Rounded Not Rounded pool hit look heat
wrote pat caught pet wait
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