1. Respiratory System

3. Primary Function – Gas Exchange Secondary Functions – Speech – pH regulation of internal environment

4. Anatomical Divisions – Conducting pathways – Respiratory regions sites of gas exchange

5. Conducting Pathways – Upper respiratory tract Nasal cavity Pharynx

6. Nasal Cavity – Functions warms air humidifies air filters air

7. –Features of Nasal Cavity Conchae Ciliated epithelial mucosa

9. Nasal cavity communicates with nasal sinuses

11. Pharynx (refer to digestive system notes)

12. Pharynx – Functions food and air pathways resonating chamber for voice swallowing

13. – 3 divisions Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

15. Structural features of pharynx – Lined with a stratified squamous epithelium – Skeletal muscle in wall

17. Additional structural features – Eustachian tube opening – uvula – tonsils

18. Lower Respiratory Tract – Larynx – Trachea – Bronchi – Bronchioles

19. Larynx

21. Structure of the Larynx

22. – Cartilages

23. _

24. Epiglottis _

25. Arytenoid _

26. Epiglottis Arytenoid Corniculate _

27. Epiglottis Arytenoid Corniculate Cricoid _

28. Epiglottis Arytenoid Corniculate Cricoid Thyroid

29. Epiglottis Arytenoid Corniculate Cricoid Thyroid Cuneiform

30. Structure of the Larynx – Cartilages

31. Structure of the Larynx – Cartilages &

33. Structure of the Larynx – Cartilages & ligaments

34. Structure of the Larynx – Cartilages & ligaments – Muscles

35. Structure of the Larynx – Cartilages & ligaments – Muscles &

36. Structure of the Larynx – Cartilages & ligaments – Muscles & bone

37. Structure of the Larynx – Cartilages & ligaments – Muscles & bone – Lined with a mucous membrane

38. goblet cell cilia mucus

39. Other Features of Larynx

40. –Ventricular folds (‘false vocal folds’)

41. Other Features of Larynx –Ventricular folds (‘false vocal folds’) – Vocal folds

43. Other Features of Larynx –Ventricular folds (‘false vocal folds’) – Vocal folds

44. Other Features of Larynx –Ventricular folds (‘false vocal folds’) – Vocal folds – Glottis

47. Primary Function of the Larynx

48. ------------------------- Primary Function of the Larynx – Sound production

49. Primary Function of the Larynx – Sound production -------------------------

53. Cricothyroid Muscle

55. Primary Function of the Larynx – Sound production

56. Secondary Functions of the Larynx – Prevents food & drink from entering lower respiratory tract ventricular folds and vocal folds

59. Secondary Functions of the Larynx – Prevents food & drink from entering lower respiratory tract ventricular folds and vocal folds

60. Secondary Functions of the Larynx – Prevents food & drink from entering lower respiratory tract ventricular folds and vocal folds epiglottis

71. Trachea (‘Windpipe’) – General features 1 inch diameter 4-5 inches long – 1 st inch in neck

73. – Composed of 15-20 “C” rings – Rings linked by annular ligaments

77. Bronchi

78. Bronchi (singular: bronchus)

79. – Primary

80. Bronchi (singular: bronchus) – Primary to lungs

82. Bronchi (singular: bronchus) – Primary to lungs

83. Bronchi (singular: bronchus) – Primary to lungs – Secondary

84. Bronchi (singular: bronchus) – Primary to lungs – Secondary

85. Bronchi (singular: bronchus) – Primary to lungs – Secondary (lobar)

86. Bronchi (singular: bronchus) – Primary to lungs – Secondary (lobar) to lobes of lungs

88. Bronchi (singular: bronchus) – Primary to lungs – Secondary (lobar) to lobes of lungs

89. Bronchi (singular: bronchus) – Primary to lungs – Secondary (lobar) to lobes of lungs – Tertiary

90. Bronchi (singular: bronchus) – Primary to lungs – Secondary (lobar) to lobes of lungs – Tertiary (segmental)

91. Bronchi (singular: bronchus) – Primary to lungs – Secondary (lobar) to lobes of lungs – Tertiary (segmental) to bronchopulmonary segments of lungs

94. Bronchioles

95. – Branch off of tertiary bronchi

97. Bronchioles – Branch off of tertiary bronchi – Less than 1 mm in diameter

98. Bronchioles – Branch off of tertiary bronchi – Less than 1 mm in diameter – Smooth muscle in walls

100. Bronchioles – Branch off of tertiary bronchi – Less than 1 mm in diameter – Smooth muscle in walls

101. Bronchioles – Branch off of tertiary bronchi – Less than 1 mm in diameter – Smooth muscle in walls exhibit bronchoconstriction

102. Bronchioles – Branch off of tertiary bronchi – Less than 1 mm in diameter – Smooth muscle in walls exhibit bronchoconstriction & bronchodilation

103. Terminal Bronchioles

104. Terminal Bronchiole – Last bronchioles before alveoli

105. Terminal Bronchioles – Last bronchioles before alveoli – Deliver air to lung lobules

110. Review: Anatomical Divisions of Respiratory System – Conducting pathways – Respiratory regions: sites of gas exchange respiratory bronchioles alveoli

111. Respiratory Bronchioles – have alveoli

115. Alveoli

116. Alveoli (singular: alveolus)

118. –Sites of gas exchange

122. Alveoli (singular: alveolus) –Sites of gas exchange

123. Alveoli (singular: alveolus) –Sites of gas exchange –Form the respiratory membrane with alveolar capillaries

125. Alveoli (singular: alveolus) –Sites of gas exchange –Form the respiratory membrane with alveolar capillaries

126. Alveoli (singular: alveolus) –Sites of gas exchange –Form the respiratory membrane with alveolar capillaries –Secrete surfactant

128. Structure of Lungs –

129. – Alveoli – Bronchi and Bronchioles – Reticular CT with lots of elastic fibers – Blood vessels and nerves

130. Pleural Cavities Pleural membranes – Visceral pleura – Parietal pleura

132. Pulmonary Ventilation – Movement of air into and out of the alveoli

133. Pulmonary ventilation can be explained by : 1.Boyle’s law: P ~ 1/V 2.And the basic concept that a given volume of air will move from a region of high air pressure into a region of low air pressure

134. Ventilation Steps – Inspiration (quiet or forced) – Expiration (quiet or forced)

135. –Muscles of quiet inspiration Diaphragm External intercostals

141. Why does air enter the lungs when these muscles contract?

142. –Muscles of forced inspiration –Pect. Minor – Serratus anterior – Sternocleidomastoid

144. –Muscles of quiet expiration None!

145. –Muscles of forced expiration –Internal intercostals –Abdominal muscles

147. Asthma Video

148. Gas Exchange Video Bronchoscopy Respiration Video