1. Chapter 6 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Part II Splanchnology
Chapter 6 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

2. Ⅰ. General Description:
* Constituents:
1.Respiratory tract:
nose, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchus, and
its branches
2. Lungs
3. Pleura and plural cavity
* Function:
exchange O2 and CO2
mainly
* (Mediastinum)

3. Ⅱ. Nose: 1. External nose— nasal vestibule 3. Paranasal Sinuses—
2. Nasal cavity— limen nasi
nasal vestibule
proper nasal cavity
nasal septum
lateral wall of nasal cavity
3. Paranasal Sinuses—
frontal sinus
maxillary sinus
sphenoidal sinus
ethmoidal sinus

4. The formation of the nasal septum
2 Bones,
1 Cartilage,
Nasal mucous membrane:
olfactory region
respiratory region
The longitudinal
plate of ethmoid bone
The cartilage
of nasal septum
The vomer
back

5. 1.Nasal cavity— Ⅱ. Nose: nasal vestibule proper nasal cavity
limen nasi
nasal septum
lateral wall of nasal cavity
---superior, middle and inferior
nasal conchae
nasal meatuses
---the openings of the paranasal
sinuses and the nasolacrimal duct
2. paranasal sinuses:
frontal sinus
maxillary sinus
sphenoidal sinus
ethmoidal sinus

6. The openings of the paranasal sinuses

7. 1. Position: It is located at anterior part of neck, in
Ⅲ. Larynx
1. Position: It is located at anterior part of neck, in
front of 4~6 cervical vertebrae
2. Framework: It is formed by laryngeal cartilages and
their articulations
Cartilages:
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
epiglottic cartilage
arytenoid cartilage (paired)

8. Thyroid cartilage Anterior view posterior view lamina sup. cornu
Laryngeal prominence
sup. thyroid notch
lamina
anterior angle
Laminae of thyroid cartilage
inf. cornu
Anterior view posterior view

9. Arytenoid cartilages Cricoid cartilage Anterior view posterior view
Muscular process
Vocal process
Muscular process
Vocal process
Cricoid arch
Cricoid cartilage
Cricoid lamina
Anterior view posterior view

10. Epiglottic cartilage
Anterior view posterior view

11. 2. cricoarytenoid joints: rotate around the vertical axis
Articulation:
1. cricothyroid joint: rotate around the coronary axis
2. cricoarytenoid joints: rotate around the vertical axis
3. conus elasticus: free and thicked upper border formed the vocal ligament
4. quadrangular membrane: free lower border formed vestibular ligament
5. thyrohyoid membrane 5 4 2 1 3

12. Thyrohyoid membrane
Quadrangular
membrane
Conus
elasticus
Lateral view
Lateral view

13. 3. Laryngeal cavity 3 parts: laryngeal vestibule
intermediate cavity of larynx
infraglottic cavity
by 2 fissures— vestibular fissure
fissure of glottis
laryngeal inlet
vestibular fold
vocal fold
ventricle of larynx

15. 4. Laryngeal muscles: Posterior cricoarytenoid:
It can open the glottis
Transverse arytenoid,
Oblique arytenoid,
Lateral cricoarytenoid:
They can close the glottis
Cricothyroid,
They can lengthen and tense
the vocal fold
Thyroarytenoid:
It can relax and shorten the
vocal fold

16. 4. Laryngeal muscles: Posterior cricoarytenoid:
It can open the glottis
Transverse arytenoid,
Oblique arytenoid,
Lateral cricoarytenoid:
They can close the glottis
Cricothyroid,
They can lengthen and tense
the vocal fold
Thyroarytenoid:
It can relax and shorten the
vocal fold

17. 4. Laryngeal muscles: Posterior cricoarytenoid:
It can open the glottis
Transverse arytenoid,
Oblique arytenoid,
Lateral cricoarytenoid:
They can close the glottis
Cricothyroid,
They can lengthen and tense
the vocal fold
Thyroarytenoid:
It can relax and shorten the
vocal fold

18. Ⅳ.The trachea and main bronchus:
Bifurcation of trachea