1. The respiratory system

2. Respiration: The exchange of gases between an organism and its environment The process has two phase: - Organismic respiration – oxygen from the environment is taken up by the animal and delivered to it’s cells, at same time carbon dioxide is excreted into the environment - Takes place in animals - O2 taken up and CO2 excreted - Aerobic cellular respiration – - Takes place in mitochondria - O2 is necessary for citric acid cycle Function - take up O2 - get rid of waste CO2

3. The respiratory system consists of an airway and lungs The airway conducts air into the lungs Breath of air passes in sequence: Nostrils, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

4. The upper respiratory tract nose and paranasal sinuses oral cavity (also part of the digestive system) throat – pharynx – larynx – trachea

5. The nasal cavity Functions: 1.the air passing – warming – cooling, wetting – dust removing by vibrissae, short, thick hairs (cilia): mucous ciliated epithelium – The nasal and oral cavities connect via the pharynx 2.smelling 3.phonation

6. The parts of nose Root Tip Wing Nostrils Nasal cavity

7. Nasal septum cartilage & bone Nasal conchae =turbinates epithelial layer The parts of nasal cavity

9. Paranasal sinuses Ethmoidal Sphenoidal Frontal Maxillary  Leads to nasal cavity Inflammation of sinuses!

10. The pharynx pharynx (throat) continuous with larynx and esophagus – both food and air are passed through the epiglottis closes over the trachea when food is swallowed to prevent choking or aspiration pharyngeal tonsils

11. The larynx Larynx = voicebox an organ in the neck involved in protection of the trachea and sound production during swallowing larynx is closed by epiglottis Thyroid cartilage= pajzsporc Cricoid cartilage= gyűrűporc Arytenoid cartilage= kannaporc Vocal cords hangszalagok

13. 1= vocal cords 3= epiglottis 5= arytenoid cartilage 7= underside of the tongue to breatheto speak http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjRsa77u6OU&feature=related

14. Sound Muscles stretch the vocal cords  glottis is narrow If air is directed against vocal cords  vibrate, set up sound waves in the column of air in pharynx, nose, mouth VOLUME: Greater pressure of air – loud sound Lower pressure of air – soft sound PITCH/FREQUENCY If they are pulled taut  vibrate more rapidly (higher frequency) Decreased tension  lower sounds (lower frequency) Men: thicker, longer vocal cords Recognizable speech: pharynx, mouth, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses This source sound is altered as it travels through the vocal tract, configured differently based on the position of the tongue, lips, mouth, and pharynx.