1. The larynx
Dr. Ayat El-Domouky

2. Function, site C4 C6

3. Contiuation

4. Hyoid
Epiglottis
Thyroid
cartilage
Cricoid
cartilage

5. .
Curniculate
Arytenoid
cartilage
Cuneiform

6. Cartilages of the larynx 1.thyroid cartilage

7. Thyroid angle

8. Cartilages of the larynx 2.cricoid cartilage

9. Cartilages of the larynx 3. arytenoid cartilage

10. Corniculate cartilage
Cunieform
cartilage
Apex
Arytenoid
cartilage
Muscular process
Vocal process
Base

11. Cartilages of the larynx 4. epiglottis cartilage

12. Thyrohyoid and cricothyroid membranes

13. Quadrangular & cricothyroid membrane membrane

16. Vocal cords

17. Inlet of the larynx

19. Laryngeal vestibule Vestibular fold Vocal fold Infraglottic part
sinus
Vestibular fold
Vocal fold
Infraglottic part

20. Muscles of the larynx 1. oblique arytenoid (narrow the inlet) and 2
Muscles of the larynx 1. oblique arytenoid (narrow the inlet) and 2.thyroepiglottic (widens the inlet)

21. 3.Cricothyroid muscle tense the vocal cord

22. 4. Thyroarytenoid (vocalis) (relax) 5
4.Thyroarytenoid (vocalis) (relax) 5.lateral cricoarytenoid (adducts) 6.posterior cricoarytenoid (abduct) 7.trnsverse arytenoid

23. Muscles of the larynx Aryepiglottic Oblique arytenoid
Transverse arytenoid
Oblique arytenoid
Post.cricoarytenoid

25. Nerve Supply of the Larynx Sensory Nerves
Above the vocal cords: The internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus
Below the level of the vocal cords: The recurrent laryngeal nerve
Motor Nerves
All the intrinsic muscles of the larynx are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve except The cricothyroid muscle is supplied by the external laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus.
Blood Supply of the Larynx
superior thyroid artery
inferior thyroid artery

27. Sup.laryngeal N.
Int.laryngeal N.
Ext.laryngeal N.
Recurrent Laryngeal N.

28. The position of the vocal folds after damage of vagus nerve

30. ENDOCRINE GLANDS

31. PITUTARY GLAND

32. Thyroid gland
Site
The thyroid gland consists of right and left lobes which extend from oblique line of thyroid cartilage to the level of 4th or 5th tracheal ring
The isthmus infront of 2nd,3rd,4th tracheal rings

33. relations
Antrolaterally : the sternomastoid and infrahyoid muscles

34. Postolaterally: carotid sheath medially: 2tubes, 2nerves and parathyroid glands

35. Blodd supply

36. The external laryngeal nerve
the superior thyroid artery
The inferior thyroid artery
The recurrent laryngeal nerve

37. Work sheet Compare between the vocal and vestibular folds
Vocal cord
Fixed
No voice
Vascular and pink in colour
Mobile
concerned with voice production
Avascular and white in colour

38. Enumerate medial relations of thyroid gland
2tubes: trachea and oesophagus
2 cartilages: thyroid and cricoid
2 nerves: recurrent and external laryngeal nerves
2 muscles: cricothyroid and inf. Constrictor muscle of pharynx

39. MCQ
All muscles of the larynx are innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve except-----
Cricothyroid muscle
thyroarytenoid muscle
transverse arytenoid muscle
thyroepiglottic muscles
Regarding the arytenoid cartilage, all of the following are true except…………….
Small and pyramid shaped
Located at the back of the larynx
Articulate with the upper border of the cricoid cartilage
A muscular process give attachment to the vocal cord

40. Bilateral complete section of the recurrent laryngeal nerve results in…………………..
Weak voice
Loss of voice
Acute respiratory distress
No great effect
Bilateral partial section of the recurrent laryngeal nerve results in…………………..
unilateral section of the recurrent laryngeal nerve results in…………………..

41. The vocal cord is ---------
The upper end of quadrangular membrane
The lower end of quadrangular membrane
The upper end of cricothyroid membrane
The lower end of cricothyroid membrane
The vestibular cord is
The aryepiglottic fold is

42. Superior thyroid artery is branch of---------------
Internal carotid artery
External carotid artery
Common carotid artery
Thyrocervical trunk
inferior thyroid artery is branch of