1. 1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Human Biology Sylvia S. Mader Michael Windelspecht Chapter 9 Respiratory System Lecture Outline Part 1

2. 2 Respiratory System

3. 3 Points to ponder What are the parts and functions of the upper and lower respiratory system? What is the mechanism for expiration and inspiration? How is breathing controlled by the nervous system and through chemicals? Where and how is exchange of gases accomplished? What are some common respiratory infections and disorders? What do you know about tobacco and health?

4. 4 Overview of the respiratory system 9.1 The Respiratory System Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Upper Respiratory Tract Lower Respiratory Tract Nasal cavity filters, warms, and moistens air Pharynx passage way where pathway for air and food cross Glottis space between the vocal chords; opening to larynx Larynx (voice box) ; produces sound Trachea (wind pipe) ; passage of air to bronchi Bronchus passage of air to lungs Diaphragm skeletal muscle; functions in ventilation Lung contains alveoli (air sacs); carries out gas exchange Bronchioles passage of air to alveoli Figure 9.1 The human respiratory tract.

5. 5 What is the pathway that air follows? nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchus bronchioles alveoli 9.1 The Respiratory System

6. 6 What constitutes the upper respiratory tract? Nose Pharynx Larynx 9.2 The Upper Respiratory Tract Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. sinus Pharynx nasopharynx oropharynx laryngo- pharynx esophagus tonsil sinus nasal cavity hard palate nares uvula mouth tongue tonsils epiglottis glottis larynx trachea Figure 9.2 The upper respiratory tract.

7. 7 The nose The nose opens at the nostrils/nares and leads into the __________. Hairs and mucus in the nose _____ the air. The nasal cavity has a lot of capillaries that warm and moisten the air. Specialized cells act as odor receptors. __________ drain into the nasal cavities that can lead to a runny nose. 9.2 The Upper Respiratory Tract

8. 8 The pharynx The _________ is a funnel-shaped cavity commonly called the throat. It has 3 portions based on location: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. _________ provide a lymphatic defense during breathing at the junction of the oral cavity and pharynx. 9.2 The Upper Respiratory Tract

9. 9 The larynx The larynx is a triangular, cartilaginous structure that passes air between the ______ and _______. It is called the ___________ and houses vocal cords. There are 2 mucosal folds that make up the vocal cords with an opening in the middle called the ______. 9.2 The Upper Respiratory Tract

10. 10 The larynx Figure 9.4 The vocal cords. 9.2 The Upper Respiratory Tract Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. (left): © CNRI/ Phototake base of tongue epiglottis glottis vocal cords

11. 11 What constitutes the lower respiratory tract? Trachea Bronchial tree Lungs 9.3 The Lower Respiratory Tract Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Upper Respiratory Tract Lower Respiratory Tract Nasal cavity filters, warms, and moistens air Pharynx passage way where pathway for air and food cross Glottis space between the vocal chords; opening to larynx Larynx (voice box) ; produces sound Trachea (wind pipe) ; passage of air to bronchi Bronchus passage of air to lungs Diaphragm skeletal muscle; functions in ventilation Lung contains alveoli (air sacs); carries out gas exchange Bronchioles passage of air to alveoli Figure 9.1 The human respiratory tract.

12. 12 The trachea The trachea is a tube, often called the windpipe, that connects the larynx with the ______________. It is made of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and cartilaginous rings. The trachea is lined with ______ and ______ that help to keep the lungs clean. 9.3 The Lower Respiratory Tract

13. 13 The trachea Figure 9.5 The cells lining the trachea. 9.3 The Lower Respiratory Tract Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. tracheal lumen air mucus particle movement epithelial cell goblet cell cilia (bottom half): © ED Reschke