1. Chapter 14 Crime and Justice in the New Millennium

2. Learning Objectives Discuss the impact of criminal enterprise crime
Describe a ponzi scheme
Be familiar with the mortgage fraud scandal
Be familiar with the various forms of green crime
Discuss the various forms of cyber crime

3. Learning Objectives Know what is being done to thwart cyber criminals
Be familiar with the influence of globalization on crime
Understand the concept of transnational crime
Be familiar with some of the most important transnational crime groups
Tell how law enforcement is taking on transnational criminal syndicates

4. Corporate Enterprise Crime
A multi-billion dollar crime trend facing the justice system
FBI pursuing more than 500 corporate fraud cases
Financial crimes involve accounting schemes designed to deceive both investors and government auditors
Crimes have involved scamming people out of life savings

5. Corporate Enterprise Crime
Types of Corporate Enterprise Crime:
Fraud on Wall Street
The Subprime Mortgage Scandal
Billion Dollar Management Fraud

6. Corporate Enterprise Crime
Criminalizing Corporate Enterprise Crime:
Corporate crimes now considered as serious offenses and perpetrators deserving of severe punishment
Penalties have been increasing and long prison sentences are routine

7. Corporate Enterprise Crime
Corporate Crime Law Enforcement:
The detection and enforcement of large scale corporate crime is primarily in the hands of :
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
FBI
Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Postal Service
Federal Trade Commission

8. Corporate Enterprise Crime
Corporate Crime Law Enforcement:
State Level Enforcement
A number of states have created special task forces and prosecution teams to crack down on fraudulent schemes and bring perpetrators to justice

9. Green Crime
Defined:
Green crimes are violations of existing criminal laws designed to protect people, the environment or both
They include crimes against workers such as occupational health and safety crimes, as well as laws designed to protect nature and the environment
Green crimes involve a wide range of actions and outcomes that harm the environment and that stem from decisions about what is produced, where it is produced, and how it is produced

10. Green Crime Forms of Green Crime: Illegal Logging Illegal Fishing
Illegal Dumping
Illegal Polluting

11. Green Crime Enforcing Environmental Laws:
The United States and most sovereign nations have passed laws making it a crime to pollute or damage the environment:
Clean Water Act
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
Endangered Species Act
Oil Pollution Act
The major enforcement arm against environmental crimes is the Environmental Protection Agency

12. Cyber Crime
Theft and/or destruction of information, resources, or funds utilizing computers, computer networks and the internet
Rapidly evolving
Difficult to detect through traditional enforcement channels
Its control demands that agents of the justice system develop technical skills which match those of the perpetrators

13. Cyber Crime Three Forms of Cybercrime: Cyber theft Cyber vandalism
Cyber war

14. Cyber Crime Cyber Theft: Cyber Crimes for Profit
The use of computer networks for criminal profits:
Illegal copyright infringement
Identity theft
Internet securities fraud
Cyber thieves conspire to use cyberspace to either distribute illegal goods and services or to defraud people for quick profits using some common method

15. Cyber Crime Types of Cyber Theft: Computer Fraud
Pornography and Prostitution
Denial of Service Attack
Copyright Infringement
Internet Securities Fraud
Identity Theft
E-tailing Fraud
Illegal Drug Distribution

16. Cyber Crime Cyber Vandalism: Cyber Crime with Malicious Intent
Motivation is for revenge and destruction, not necessarily greed or profit
Forms of cyber vandalism:
Viruses and Worms:
One type of malicious software that disrupts existing programs and networks
Trojan Horses:
Appears as a harmless program that can damage a system’s operations

17. Cyber Crime Cyber Vandalism: Cyber Crime with Malicious Intent
Forms of cyber vandalism:
Web Defacement:
A computer hacker intrudes on another person’s web by inserting or substituting codes which exposes visitors to the site to misleading information
Cyber Stalking:
Use of Internet, , or other electronic communication devices to stalk another person

18. Cyber Crime Cyber Vandalism: Cyber Crime with Malicious Intent
Forms of cyber vandalism:
Cyber Bullying:
Willful and repeated harm inflicted through the medium of electronic text
Cyber War:
The premeditated, politically motivated attack against information, computer systems, computer programs, and data

19. Cyber Crime Controlling Cyber Crime: Software piracy laws
Illegal copyright infringement laws
Identity theft laws
Internet pornography laws
Computer crimes laws

20. Cyber Crime Enforcing Cyber Laws:
Interagency Telemarketing and Internet Fraud Working Group
U.S. Attorney’s offices
FBI, the Secret Service, the Postal Inspection Service, the Federal Trade Commission, the Securities and Exchange Commission,
Other law enforcement and regulatory agencies to share information about trends and patterns in Internet Fraud Schemes

21. Transnational Crime Globalization Types of Transnational Crimes:
The process of creating transnational markets, and political and legal systems) has shifted the focus of crime from a local to a world perspective
Types of Transnational Crimes:
Distribution of pornography
Cyber crime
Human trafficking, migrant smuggling,
Drug smuggling, arms dealing
Trafficking resources and counterfeit goods

22. Transnational Crime Transnational Crime Groups: Asian Gangs
Russian Transnational Crime Groups
Mexican Drug Cartels

23. Transnational Crime Controlling Transnational Crime:
The FBI belongs to several international working groups aimed at combating transnational gangs in various parts of the world.
Anti Organized Crime Laws:
Congress has passed a number of laws which have made it easier for agencies to bring transnational gangs to justice:
Travel Act
RICO