1. Hydrostatic Bearing Systems
Figure Formation of fluid in hydrostatic bearing system. (a) Pump off; (b) pressure build up; (c) pressure times recess area equals normal applied load; (d) bearing operating; (e) increased load; (f) decreased load. [From Rippel (1963)].

2. Circular Step Pad & Pressure
Figure Radial-flow hydrostatic thrust bearing with circular step pad.
Figure Pressure distribution in radial-flow hydrostatic thrust bearing.

3. Pad Coefficients Load coefficient: Flow coefficient:
Power coefficient:
Figure Chart for determining bearing pad coefficients for circular step thrust bearing. [From Rippel (1963)].

4. Annular Thrust Pad Bearing
Figure Configurations of annular thrust pad bearing. [From Rippel (1963)].

5. Pad Coefficients Load coefficient: Flow coefficient:
Power coefficient:
Figure Chart for determining bearing pad coefficients for annular thrust pad bearings. [From Rippel (1963)].

6. Rectangular Hydrostatic Pad
Figure Rectangular hydrostatic pad.

7. Pad Coefficients Load coefficient: Flow coefficient:
Power coefficient:
Figure Pad coefficients. (a) Square pad; (b) rectangular pad with B= 2L and b = l.

8. Compensated Hydrostatic Bearings
Figure Capillary-compensated hydrostatic bearing. [From Rippel (1963)].
Figure Orifice-compensated hydrostatic bearing. [From Rippel (1963)].

9. Flow-Valve Compensation
Figure Constant-flow-valve compensation in hydrostatic bearing. [From Rippel (1963)].

10. Compensating Element Ranking

11. Speed vs. Load
Figure Effect of speed on load for self-acting, gas-lubricated bearings. [From Ausman (1961).]

12. Rectangular-Step Thrust Bearing
Figure Transformation of rectangular slider bearing into circular sector bearing.
Figure Rectangular-step thrust bearing. [From Hamrock (1972).]

13. Optimum Step Parameters
Figure Effect of dimensionless bearing number on optimum step parameters. (a) For maximum dimensionless load-carrying capacity; (b) for maximum dimensionless stiffness. [From Hamrock (1972).]

14. Load-Carrying Capacity & Stiffness
Figure Effect of dimensionless bearing number on dimensionless load-carrying capacity and dimensionless stiffness. (a) For maximum dimensionless load-carrying capacity; (b) for maximum dimensionless stiffness. [From Hamrock (1972).]

15. Spiral-Groove Thrust Bearing
Figure Spiral-groove thrust bearing. [From Malanoski and Pan (1965).]

16. Spiral-Groove Thrust Bearing Characteristics
Figure Charts for determining characteristics of spiral-groove thrust bearings. (a) Groove factor; (b) load; (c) stiffness; (d) torque; (e) flow; (f) optimal groove geometry; (g) groove length factor. [From Reiger (1967).]

17. Pressure Perturbation Solution
Figure Design chart for radially loaded, self-acting, gas-lubricated journal bearings (isothermal first-order perturbation solution.) [From Ausman (1959).]

18. Linearized ph Solution

19. Pivoted-Pad Bearings
Figure Geometry of individual pivoted-pad bearing. [From Gunter et al. (1964)]
Figure Geometry of pivoted-pad journal bearing with three pads. [From Gunter et al. (1964)]

20. Pivoted-Pad Perfor-mance Parameters

21. Herringbone-Groove Journal Bearing
Figure Configuration of concentric herringbone-groove journal bearing.

22. Parameters for Herringbone Bearing
Figure Charts for determining optimal herringbone-journal-bearing groove parameters for maximum radial load. Top plots are for grooved member rotating; bottom plots are for smooth member rotating. (a) Optimal film thickness ratio; (b) optimal groove width ratio. [From Hamrock and Fleming (1971)]

23. Parameters for Herringbone Bearing (cont.)
Figure Concluded. (c) Optimal groove length ratio; (d) optimal groove angle.

24. Load-Carrying Capacity
Figure Chart for determining maximum normal load-carrying capacity. (a) grooved member rotating; (b) smooth member rotating. [From Hamrock and Fleming (1971)]

25. Stability of Herringbone-Groove Bearings
Figure Chart for determining maximum stability of herringbone-groove bearings. [From Fleming and Hamrock (1974).]

26. Foil Bearing
Figure (a) Schematic illustration of a foil bearing; (b) free-body diagram of a section of foil.

27. Pressure in Foil Bearing
Figure Pressure distribution and film thickness in a foil bearing. [From Bhushan (2002).]

28. Lubrication of Rigid Cylinder
Figure Lubrication of a rigid cylinder near a plane. (a) Coordinates and surface velocities; (b) forces.

29. Cavitation Fingers
Figure Cavitation fingers.

30. Effect of Leakage
Figure Side-leakage effect on normal load component.
Figure Effect of leakage on tangential load component.

31. Contact Geometry
Figure Contact geometry. (a) Two rigid solids separated by a lubricant film: (a-1) y=0 plane; (a-2) x=0 plane. (b) Equivalent system of a rigid solid near a plane separated by a lubricant film: (b-1) y=0 plane; (b-2) x=0 plane. [From Brewe et al. (1979)].

32. Boundary Conditions & Nodal Structure
Figure Effect of boundary conditions. (a) Solution using full Sommerfeld boundary conditions; (b) solution using half Sommerfeld boundary condition; (c) solution using Reynolds boundary conditions. [From Brewe et al. (1970)].
Figure Variable nodal structure used for numerical calculations. [From Brewe et al. (1979)].

33. Hydrodynamic Lift
Figure Effect of radius ratio on reduced hydrodynamic lift. [From Brewe et al. (1979)].

34. Pressure for Two Radius Ratios

35. Pressure Contours

36. Comparison of Fully Flooded and Starved Contact
Figure Three-dimensional representation of pressure distributions for dimensionless minimum film thickness Hmin of 1.0 x (a) Fully flooded condition; (b) starved condition. [From Brewe and Hamrock. (1982)].

37. Comparison of Fully Flooded and Starved Contact
Figure Three-dimensional representation of pressure distributions for dimensionless minimum film thickness Hmin of 1.0 x (a) Fully flooded condition; (b) starved condition. [From Brewe and Hamrock. (1982)].

38. Pressure Contours - Starved
Figure Isobaric contour plots for three fluid inlet levels for dimensionless minimum film thickness Hmin of 1.0 x (a) Fully flooded condition: dimensionless fluid inlet level Hin, 1.00; dimensionless pressure, where dP/dX=0, Pm, 1.20 x 106; dimensionless load-speed ratio W/U, (b) Starved condition; Hin, 0.004; Pm = 1.19 x 106; W/U = (c) Starved condition: Hin =0.001; Pm = 1.13 x 106; W/U = [From Brewe and Hamrock. (1982)].

39. Inlet Level Effect
Figure Effect of fluid inlet level on film thickness reduction factor in flooded conjunctions. [From Brewe and Hamrock (1982)].

40. Lubricant Flow
Figure Lubricant flow for a rolling-sliding contact and corresponding pressure buildup. [From Ghosh et al. (1985)].

41. Effect of Velocity

42. Pressure Distributions vs. Normal Velocity Parameter
Figure Radial-flow hydrostatic thrust bearing with circular step pad.

43. Performance Parameters
Figure Effect of radius ratio on dynamic load ratio. Dimensionless central film thickness Hmin, 1.0 x 10-4; dimensionless fluid inlet level Hin, [From Ghosh et al. (1985)].

44. Peak Pressure vs. Radius Ratio
Figure Effect of radius ratio on dynamic peak pressure ratio. Dimensionless central film thickness Hmin, 1.0 x 10-4; dimensionless fluid inlet level Hin, [From Ghosh et al. (1985)].

45. Contact Geometry
Figure Geometry of contacting elastic solids. [From Hamrock and Dowson (1981).]

46. Radii of Curvature
Figure Sign designations for radii of curvature of various machine elements. (a) Rolling elements; (b) ball bearing races; (c) rolling bearing races.

47. Pressure Distribution
Maximum pressure:
Figure Pressure distribution in ellipsoidal contact.

48. Ellipticity Parameter and Elliptic Integrals
Figure Variation of ellipticity parameter and elliptic integrals of first and second kinds as function of radius ratio. [From Hamrock and Brewe (1983).]

49. Hertz Contact Summary Contact dimensions: Maximum elastic deformation:
Effective elastic modulus:

50. Elliptic Integrals

51. Effect of Radius Ratio on Subsurface Stress

52. Simplified Equations for Elliptic Integrals

53. Conformity
Figure Three degrees of conformity. (a) Wheel on rail; (b) ball on plane; (c) ball-outer-race contact. [From Hamrock and Brewe (1983).]

54. Calculation of Elastic Deformation

55. Load Components
Figure Sketch to illustrate calculations of Xr,end and N. [From Houpert and Hamrock (1986).]
Figure Load components and shear forces. [From Hamrock and Jacobson (1984).]

56. Profiles at Early Iterations
Figure Pressure profiles and film shapes at iterations 0, 1, and 14 with dimensionless speed, load, and material parameters fixed at U = 1.0 x 10-11, W’ = x 10-5, and G=5007. [From Houpert and Hamrock (1986).]

57. Pressure and Film Profiles
Figure Dimensionless pressure profiles for isoviscous and viscous solutions. Compressibility effects were considered. [From Hamrock et al. (1988).]
Figure Film thickness profiles for isoviscous and viscous solutions. Compressibility effects were considered. [From Hamrock et al. (1988).]

58. Detail of Spike Location
Figure Pressure and film thickness profiles in region 0.9 ≤ Xr ≤ 1.0. (a) Dimensionless pressure; (b) dimensionless film thickness. [From Hamrock et al. (1988).]

59. Compressibility Effect
Figure Dimensionless pressure and film thickness profiles for an incompressible fluid. Viscous effects were considered. [From Hamrock et al. (1988).]
Figure Dimensionless pressure and film thickness profiles for a compressible fluid. Viscous effects were considered. [From Hamrock et al. (1988).]

60. Detail of Spike Location

61. Pressure as a Function of Load
Figure Variation of dimensionless pressure in elastohydrodynamically lubricated conjunction for six dimensionless loads with dimensionless speed and materials parameters held fixed at U=1.0 x and G=5007. [From Pan and Hamrock (1989).]

62. Speed Effects
Figure Variation of dimensionless pressure in elastohydrodynamically lubricated conjunction for three dimensionless speeds with dimensionless load and materials parameters held fixed at W’ = 1.3 x 10-4 and G=5007. [From Pan and Hamrock (1989).]

63. Spike Amplitude

64. Spike Location

65. Film Thickness

66. Variation in Film Shape
Figure Variation of dimensionless film shape in elastohydrodynamically lubricated conjunction for six dimensionless loads with dimensionless speed and materials parameters held fixed at U=1.0 x and G=5007. [From Pan and Hamrock (1989).]

67. Central Film Thickness

68. Film Shape for Different Speeds
Figure Variation of dimensionless film shape for three dimensionless speeds with dimensionless load and materials parameters fixed at W’ = 1.3 x 10-4 and G= [From Pan and Hamrock (1989).]

69. Location of Minimum Film Thickness

70. Center of Pressure

71. Mass Flow Rate