1. ARC FLASH ANALYSIS

2. ARC FLASH ANALYSIS

3. ARC-FLASH
As much as 80% of all electrical injuries are burns resulting from an arc-flash and ignition of flammable clothing.
Arc temperature can reach 35,000°F - this is four times hotter than the surface of the sun
Fatal burns can occur at distances over 10 ft.

4. ARC EXPOSURE ENERGY BASICS
Exposure Energy is Expressed in cal/cm2
1 cal/cm2 Equals the Exposure on the tip of a finger by a Cigarette Lighter in One Second
An Exposure Energy of Only One or Two cal/cm2 Will Cause a 2nd Degree Burn on Human Skin

5. Industry Standards and Regulations
OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S
OSHA Enforces NEC & NFPA70E
NFPA 70E-2000
Requirements for shock and arc flash boundaries
Requirements for personal protective equipment
NEC

6. NEC 2002
Flash Protection. Switchboards, panel boards, industrial control panels, and motor control centers in other than dwelling occupancies, that are likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while energized, shall be field marked to warn qualified persons of potential electric arc flash hazards. The marking shall be located so as to be clearly visible to qualified persons before examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance of the equipment.
FPN No. 1: NFPA 70E-2000, Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces, provides assistance in determining severity of potential exposure, planning safe work practices, and selecting personal protective equipment.
FPN No. 2: ANSI Z , Product Safety Signs and Labels, provides guidelines for the design of safety signs and labels for application to products.

7. Sample NEC Warning Article 110.16
Arc Flash and Shock Hazard
Appropriate PPE Required !

8. ARC Flash Analysis
OSHA (d) Where work will be performed within the flash protection boundary, the flash hazard analysis shall determine, and the employer shall document, the incident energy exposure to the worker (in cal/cm2)
OSHA (I)(6) Flame resistant (FR) clothing and PPE shall be used by the employee based upon the incident energy exposure associated with the specific task.
As an alternative, PPE requirements of NFPA 70E Part II may be used in lieu of a detailed flash hazard analysis.

9. Sample NEC Warning Article 110.16

11. Approach Boundaries Nominal System Voltage Range
Limited Approach Boundary
Restricted Approach
Boundary
Prohibited Approach Boundary
Phase-to-Phase
Exposed Moveable Conductor
Exposed Fixed Circuit Part
Includes Inadvertent Movement Adder
0 - 50
Not specified
10 ft. 0 in.
3 ft.6 in.
Avoid contact
1 ft. 0 in.
0 ft. 1 in.
751V - 15 kV
5 ft.0 in.
2 ft. 2 in.
0 ft. 7 in.
15.1 – 36 kV
6 ft.0 in.
2 ft. 7 in.
0 ft. 10 in.
36.1 – 46 kV
8 ft.0 in.
2 ft. 10 in.
1 ft. 5 in.
46.1 – 72.5 kV
3 ft. 3 in.
2 ft. 1 in.
72.6 – 121 kV
10 ft. 8 in.
2 ft. 8 in.
138 – 145 kV
11 ft. 0 in.
10 ft.0 in.
3 ft. 7 in.
3 ft. 1 in.

12. NFPA 70E provides two choices for PPE selection:
Do an arc flash hazard analysis, and document the incident energy exposure
IEEE 1584
SKM (Arc Flash Evaluation Module)
ArcPro Software
Duke Power Cal/Flux Software
As an alternate, use the “Hazard Risk Category Classifications” table to choose the PPE level required for the task

13. Hazard Risk Category Tables

14. Hazard Risk Category Classification
NFPA 70E – Hazard Risk 0
This hazard risk category poses minimal risk.
NFPA 70E – Hazard Risk 1
This hazard risk category poses some risk.
NFPA 70E – Hazard Risk 2
This hazard risk category involves tasks that pose a moderate risk.
NFPA 70E – Hazard Risk 3
This hazard risk category involves tasks that pose a high risk.
NFPA 70E – Hazard Risk 4
This hazard risk category represents tasks that pose the greatest risk.

15. Methods of Reducing Hazard Risk
Specifying Current Limiting Fuses on Low Voltage Switchgear Breakers
Specifying ARC Resistance Medium Voltage Switchgear
Remote Control of Switchgear Breakers
High Resistance Grounding on Low Voltage and Medium Voltage (15kV and below) Systems

16. What We Offer Our Clients
Design of safer power systems while insuring compliance with OSHA NFPA 70E standards and IEEE
Save time with the fully integrated Short Circuit, Time Current Coordination, Equipment Evaluation and Arc Flash Evaluation
Offer alternatives to reduce exposure to ARC Flash Energy.