1. Are Feminists Afraid to Leave Home? The Challenge of Conservative Pro-family Feminism By Judith Stacey

2. Retreat from Sexual Politics Rise of conservative Pro-family Feminism in the 1980s Noted feminists repudiates the core sexual politics of earlier feminism that directly challenges male domination Claims that politicization of private sphere threatens the family

3. Betty Friedan The Second Stage The First Stage 1960s and 1970s: Women’s Liberation Movement Pitting women against Men Struggle against the feminine mystique 目標 : 藉由挑戰男性的主宰 地位，使女性能分享政治 權力

4. Betty Friedan 批判第一階段女性主義 First Stage feminism is said to have created a rigid ideology, “Feminist Mystique,” that adopts a male model of careerism and public achievement as female goals.  Denied women’s needs for intimacy, family, and children  Based on a “serious ideological error” ，認 為女人在家庭與事業、家庭與平等中只能 擇一，但其實家庭對所有人都非常重要

5. Betty Friedan 新局勢、新策略 The Second Stage Women join with men to complete the “sex role revolution”  雙薪雙親家庭 Transcending female/male polarization to achieve new “human wholeness” Alpha  Beta mode ( 傳統的男性主宰階級制度  具有 “ 女性 ” 特 質的人際關係，流動易變 )

6. Betty Friedan Make the family our “new frontier” Avoid polarization between women & men, feminists & antifeminists, and we can do so if we centre our struggle on the right to choose to have children. 生育或墮胎應該是個人的決定，不是女性 自由解放運動的一部分：從運動目標轉為 個人抉擇， depoliticize

7. Betty Friedan 不管男人或女人都需要家庭、需要平等 As women and men share familial and public responsibilities and values they will be able to humanize capitalist corporations and the armed service. Take advantage of the flexibility of the capitalist system and restructure it to meet their new needs. Calls for a massive self-help effort that builds upon American tradition of self-reliance and the existing foundation of voluntary organizations.

8. Definition of the Family “The Family is who you come home to.” No going back to the “classical family of Western nostalgia” Tolerance for a broad array of contemporary forms of family life and of purposeful efforts to establish voluntary communities on the basis of shared interests and needs.

9. Jean Bethke Elshtain Sexual politics: “the personal is the political” Represents the collapsing of all boundaries between public and private life Private→family→personal life

10. Alternative family: Inauthentic, individualistic, irresponsible (215) Female labor force: needs to recognize the biological differences between two sexes Social feminism: traditionally feminine values of nurturance is rooted in private sphere→ethical polity

11. Retreat from Sexual Politics – Greer Core- “against interventions by Western population planner in the fertility behavior in the ‘Third World.’” Western Culture (including feminist culture) : classically patriarchal

12. 1. Sisterhood in the big Family - female collectivity - 不受限於丈夫 2. Despair of the alternatives - Romantic love  Sexual Love - retreat from sexual radicalism  defense of chastity as a form of eroticism, birth control

13. The Great Leap Backward None of the 3 feminists cited identify male domination as a problem that requires political or any other attention. Friedan shifts to concern for “human” problem; Elshtain evaluates female- identified virtues; Greer preoccupied with imperialism of global population

14. Attitude Friedan thinks we cannot win sexual equality if we antagonize men. Elshtain is hostile to the subject of male domination, interested only in preserving female moral and social sensibilities, which links to the social subordination of women. →Fails to threaten male domination, the economic or political structures of capitalism

15. Losses Giving up the sex/gender system means a loss of capacity to analyze the social processes of domination Disappearance of a feminist critique of the family. Retreat to gender essentialism

16. The Challenge of Conservative Feminism Stacey 認為激進派女性主義者必須超越批判， 深入釐清這股反作用力形成的原因和女性 主義理論發展至今的不足： 1. 長久的婚姻承諾是否與男女平等的理念 incompatible ？ 2. 需要發展一套有關孩童發展、養育孩童的 女性主義理論 3. 女性主義在處理異性戀議題上有其不足之 處，不能只批判，應平心靜氣面對