1. Georgia Cataloging Summit Dr. Barbara B. Tillett and Judith A. Kuhagen Policy and Standards Division, Library of Congress Library of Congress RDA Workshop for Georgia Cataloging Summit 9-10 August 2011

2. 2 FRBR : Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask Presented by Dr. Barbara B. Tillett Chief, Policy & Standards Division Library of Congress August 9, 2011

3. 3 FRBR  What is FRBR?  Why do we need it?  Where and how can we use it?

4. 4 What is FRBR?  Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records IFLA publication 1998 FRBR Review Group

5. 5 Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)  Entity-relationship model Entities: Group 1, 2, 3 Relationships Attributes  User tasks Find Identify Select Obtain  National level record elements (mandatory & optional data)

6. Bibliographic Universe Books Serials Maps, globes, etc. Manuscripts. Musical scores A-V  sound recordings  motion pictures  photographs, slides Multimedia “Remote” digital materials Etc.

7. 7 What’s a conceptual model?  Abstract depiction of the universe of things being described The things in that universe (entities) Identifying characteristics of those entities (attributes) The relationships among the entities

8. 8 FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model  Entities  Relationships  Attributes (data elements) relationship One EntityAnother Entity

9. 9 FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model created ShakespeareHamlet was created by Person Work

10. 10 FRBR Entities Group 1: Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor = bibliographic resources Work Expression Manifestation Item

11. Expression Manifestation Item Work Physical - recording of content Intellectual/ artistic content is realized through is embodied in is exemplified by

12. 12 Vocabulary  “Book” –Door prop (item) –“publication” at bookstore any copy (manifestation)

13. 13 Vocabulary  “Book” –Who translated? (expression) –Who wrote? (work)

14. Work Expression Manifestation Item is realized through is embodied in is exemplified by recursive one many Group 1

15. Elements to Describe Resources  Work ID Title Date etc.  Expression ID Form Date Language etc.  Manifestation ID Title Statement of responsibility Edition Imprint (place, publisher, date) Form/extent of carrier Terms of availability Mode of access etc.  Item ID Provenance Location etc.

16. 16 Examples 1.Leatherbound autographed copy in Rare Books Collection? 2.Digitized version of the Oxford University Press text published in 2008? 3.French translation? 4.London Symphony Orchestra 2005 performance? 5.Hamlet? Item Manifestation Expression Work

17. Original Work - Same Expression Same Work – New Expression New Work Cataloging Rules Cut-Off Point Derivative EquivalentDescriptive Facsimile Reprint Exact Reproduction Copy Microform Reproduction Variations or Versions Translation Simultaneous “Publication” Edition Revision Slight Modification Expurgated Edition Illustrated Edition Abridged Edition Arrangement Summary Abstract Digest Change of Genre Adaptation Dramatization Novelization Screenplay Libretto Free Translation Same Style or Thematic Content Parody Imitation Review Criticism Annotated Edition Casebook Evaluation Commentary Family of Works

18. Relationships  Inherent among the Group 1 entities  Content relationships among works/expressions  Structural Work Expression Manifestation Item Whole-Part Accompanying Sequential Derivative

19. 19 FRBR Entities Group 2: Those responsible for the intellectual & artistic content = Parties Person Corporate body Family

20. Work Expression Manifestation Item Group 2 many is owned by is produced by is realized by is created by Person Corporate Body Family

21. 21 Relationship vs. Element WorkPerson Created by Creates HamletShakespeare

22. 22 Subject Relationship WorkPerson Created by Creates Concept/Topic has subject is subject of

23. 23 FRBR Entities Group 3: Subjects of works Groups 1 & 2 plus Concept Object Event Place  Subject relationship

24. Work Group 3 many has as subject Expression Manifestation Item Person Corporate Body Work Concept Object Event Place has as subject Family

25. 25 Why do we need FRBR?  Improve the user experience in locating information Guide systems designs for the future Guide rule makers  Cut costs for the description and access to resources in our libraries  Position information providers to better operate in the Internet environment and beyond

26. 26 Applications of the Conceptual Model  FRBR is conceptual model No application is prescribed  Opportunities for the future in new systems designs Natl. Lib. Australia Variations3, etc.  Keep user foremost in mind

27. 27  Collocation Better organization to catalog More options to display  Identifying elements  Pathways FRBR Benefits ☑ Simplify cataloging enabling links and re-use of identifying elements

28. Collocation  Objectives of a catalog: display  All the works associated with a person, etc.  All the expressions of the same work  All the manifestations of the same expression  All items/copies of the same manifestation Hamlet Stockholm 2008 English Swedish French German Shakespeare Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding Romeo and Juliet

29. Pathways to Related Works Hamlet Stockholm 2008 English Swedish French German Shakespeare Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding Romeo and Juliet Stoppard Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead Text Movies … Derivative works Subject

30. 30 Collocation by Works  Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. +All’s well that ends well +As you like it +Hamlet +Macbeth +Midsummer night’s dream +…

31. 31 Collocation by Family of Works and Expressions  Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. +Texts +Motion Pictures +Sound Recordings

32. 32 Collocation by Expressions  Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. +Texts – Danish +Texts – Dutch +Texts – English +Texts – French +Texts – Spanish +Motion Pictures – English +Sound Recordings - English

33. 33 Collocation of Manifestations  Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. - Motion pictures – English + 1964 Director, Bill Collegan + 1990 Director, Kevin Kline, Kirk Browning + 1990 Director, Franco Zeffirelli + 1992 Director, Maria Muat + 1996 Director, Kenneth Branagh + 2000 Director, Campbell Scott, Eric Simonson

34. 34 FRBR Display - Serial  Atlantic monthly  Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1993)  Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1981)  Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1971)  Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1932)  Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1857)

35. 35 FRBR Display - Serial  Atlantic monthly  Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1993)  Online  Paper  Microfilm  Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1981)  Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1971)  Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1932)  Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1857)

36. 36 Circulation: Place holds at “Work” or “Expression” level rather than only at manifestation level (VTLS and OCLC demonstrate this) FRBR Benefits Hamlet English

37. 37 Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)  Entity-relationship model Entities: Group 1, 2, 3 Relationships Attributes (Elements)  User tasks Find Identify Select Obtain  National level record elements (mandatory & optional data)

38. FRBR–Based Systems Work Manifestation Person Expression Manifestation Item Concept Corporate body Person