1. Homicide  Homicide: the killing of one human being by another Justifiable homicide: sanctioned by law (ex. By police in the line of duty) Justifiable homicide: sanctioned by law (ex. By police in the line of duty) Criminal homicide: unlawful killings, without justification or excuse Criminal homicide: unlawful killings, without justification or excuse ©2012 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.LO2

2. Criminal Homicide  First degree murder: a premeditated, intentional killing; or the killing of an individual in an occupation concerned with the preservation and maintenance of public order (e.g. Police or correctional worker).  Second degree murder: an intentional killing without premeditation and deliberation. ©2012 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.LO2

3.  Manslaughter: the unlawful killing of another person without malice in the heat of passion/ while intoxicated. Voluntary manslaughter: killing committed intentionally but without malice (e.g. In response to a strong provocation). Voluntary manslaughter: killing committed intentionally but without malice (e.g. In response to a strong provocation). Involuntary manslaughter: causing death unintentionally but recklessly (e.g. While driving drunk). Involuntary manslaughter: causing death unintentionally but recklessly (e.g. While driving drunk). ©2012 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. Criminal Homicide (cont’d) LO2

4.  Infanticide: killing of a newborn child by a woman who is in a disturbed state of mind as a consequence of giving birth. Relatively rare: 2 reported cases in Canada in 2005 Relatively rare: 2 reported cases in Canada in 2005 ©2012 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. Criminal Homicide (cont’d) LO2

5.  Annual rate of about 2 percent per 100,000 population per year.  More male than female victims. Male victimization rates peak at 25-29 years Male victimization rates peak at 25-29 years Female victimization peaks at 30-39 years Female victimization peaks at 30-39 years  Aboriginals are victims of homicide and accused of homicide at disproportionately high rates.  Homicide tends to be intra-racial, but not intra- gender. ©2012 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. Homicide in Canada LO2

6. The Nature of Homicide  Homicide victims and suspects tend to be young, male, and unmarried.  Many homicides are perpetrated by individuals known to the victim (relatives, acquaintances), and many of these attacks occur in the victim’s home.  In spousal cases, female partner is more likely the victim.  The U.S. rate of homicide is about three times the Canadian rate. ©2012 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.LO2

7. Mass and Serial Murder  Serial murder: the killing of several victims over a period of time  Mass murder: killing of multiple victims in one event or in very quick succession ©2012 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. In January 1982, serial killer Clifford Olson was sentenced to life imprisonment for the torture and murder of 11 boys and girls in B.C. LO2

8. Gang Murder  Most gang-related homicides in Canada occur in Winnipeg, Vancouver, Edmonton, and Calgary.  As compared to non-gang murder, gang murder is more likely to be: Intra-ethnic Intra-ethnic Gang killers are younger (approx. 5 years) Gang killers are younger (approx. 5 years) 2.5 times more participants in gang murder 2.5 times more participants in gang murder Gang killers are 2x as likely to not know their victims Gang killers are 2x as likely to not know their victims  Similarities: Also often attributable to social disorganization, economic inequality and deprivation. ©2012 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.LO2