1. Crimes against the person: Murder Offences against the person include homicide, rape, kidnapping and assault. Murder is the main offence within homicide and the most serious.

2. Homicide  Is the killing of a human being by another  Unlawful homicide includes:  Murder  Manslaughter  Defensive homicide  Culpable driving  infanticide

3. Homicide  Homicide can be considered lawful when:  It was caused by self defence  It was caused by an act of war  It was required by punishment  It was a result in enforcing justice  It was caused by accident

4. Murder is “ when a man of sound memory and of the age of discretion unlawfully kills any reasonable creature in being, and under the King’s peace with malice aforethought, either express or implied by the law, the death taking place within a year and a day”

5. Murder  Murder is the most serious form of homicide  Murder takes place when a person intentionally or recklessly kills another person, or inflicts a severe injury on another person who dies as a result  Crimes Act 1958

6. To be found guilty, the prosecution must prove that:  The killing was unlawful  Malice aforethought existed  The accused was responsible for the victim’s death  The victim was a human being  The accused was of sound mind at the time the murder was committed  The accused was over the age of 10

7. Malice aforethought  An intention to kill- the accused must have intended to kill the victim  An intention to inflict grievous bodily harm- the accused must have intended to harm a person very seriously, but may not have meant to kill the victim. It is reasonable to assume that if you intend to seriously harm someone, and such recklessness caused the death of a person, then malice aforethought existed  Reckless indifference- if a person acted with reckless indifference, not caring whether death or grievous bodily harm could result from their actions, and such recklessness caused the death of a person, then malice aforethought existed.  An intention to assault a person who was trying to make a lawful arrest, which resulted in that person’s death