1.  COLONEL STAUFFENBERG - he was one of the central figures of the German Resistance movement within the Wehrmacht. For his involvement in the movement he was shot shortly after the failed attempt known as Operation Valkyrie.

2.  Nazi conquered Europe subjected to German DOMINATION  The Nazi Empire 1. Nazis had conquered from France to the outskirts of Moscow 2. Neutral states = Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Sweden, Turkey 3. German allies = Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Finland 4. Conquered lands were either A. annexed directly B. administered by nazi military/civilian officials with collaborationists

3.  Treatment of conquered peoples - 1. Norway, Denmark, Netherlands = lenient treatment 2. France = military administration 3. Both northern and western territories were exploited for goods and workers for the German war effort 4. Slavic areas = ruthless treatment A. evacuate/eliminate Slavic peoples B. colonize eastern lands with Germans

4. Economic exploitation - 1. Seize raw materials 2. Seize machines and industrial resources 3. Seize food 4. Forced labor of conquered peoples within their own countries and by shipping them to Germany FEMALE PRISONERS AT AUSCHWITZ DOING FORCED LABOR IN A GRAVEL PIT

5.  German policies led to the emergence of resistance movements  Governments in exile - the Free French in London led by Charles de Gaulle  Strongest resistance movement developed in Yugoslavia led by Josip Broz = ‘Tito’  In many countries communist became the leaders of the underground resistance movements  Resistance to the nazis within Germany - 1. The White Rose movement 2. Any kind of resistance within Germany was ruthlessly crushed by the Gestapo 3. The Stauffenberg plot to assassinate Hitler in 1944 failed SOPHIE SCHOLL – UNIVERSITY STUDENT EXECUTED FOR WHITE ROSE ACTIVITIES

6.  Before the war started the German policy was to ‘encourage’ Jews to emigrate  The Final Solution = the Nazis decide to eliminate/murder all the Jews in Europe  The SS and Heinrich Himmler was given responsibility for carrying out the final solution  Einsatzgruppen - ‘special strike forces’ 1. Nazi units first used to round up Jews in Poland and force them into ghettos in certain Polish cities 2. In 1941 they were turned into mobile killing units in Poland and Soviet Union 3. Estimated that one million Jews were killed by these units 4. The murders becomes too big to carry out in this way and new methods are sought  The Wansee Conference - Jan. 1942  The Holocaust = the nazi murder of European Jewry - 5 to 6 million were killed 2 out 3 of all Jews in Europe were

7. Nazi leaders get together and decide on the method to eliminate the Jews Jews from all over Europe would be arrested and sent to Poland Six camps were established in Poland = the most famous of these was Auschwitz Jews were killed with Zyklon B in the gas chambers designed to resemble a shower Bodies of murdered Jews were burned in crematoria

10.  Deliberate murder through shooting, starvation, or overwork 9 to 10 million others - 1. Gypsies 2. Slavic peoples 3. Homosexuals 4. Prisoners of war 5. Mentally/physically disabled