1. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 1 The Information and Knowledge Layers of the GRIDs Architecture Keith G Jeffery Director, IT & Head, ITD kgj@.rl.ac.uk http://www.itd.clrc.ac.uk/

2. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 2 CLRC-RAL Site

3. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 3 CLRC RAL and DL e-Science –Paul Durham e-Business and everything else –Keith Jeffery –e-Government, e-Information, e-Learning, e- Culture… –W3C and ERCIM UK Grid Support Centre

4. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 4 Structure of Presentation Proposition The Idea Planned Enhancements –Issues to be dealt with Applications –why use GRIDs –target –what has to be done Conclusion

5. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 5 Proposition (1) Most of the work to date on GRID technology has centred on high performance computing and metacomputing alternative approach: 3-layer view –knowledge –information –computation / data

6. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 6 Proposition (2) Technologies from distributed computing, database and IR, formal software engineering, knowledge engineering….. Intersection with W3C –web of trust –semantic web –web services

7. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 7 Proposition (3) permits pullthrough –from e-Science grand challenges –to e-business thus promoting sustainability and widespread buy-in –for greater benefit of commercial and non- commercial sectors –and especially e-health, e-environment, e- culture, e-learning…...

8. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 8 Structure of Presentation Proposition The Idea Planned Enhancements –Issues to be dealt with Applications –why use GRIDs –target –what has to be done Conclusion

9. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 9 The GRIDs Architecture Knowledge Layer Information LayerComputation / Data Layer Data to Knowledge Control

10. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 10 The Big Idea: What it Provides User Appliance ‘The Wall’ The GRIDs Environment Plug-in PC Palmtop Mobile.. Personal Communication Personal Shopping Hobbies, family activities Business Communication Business Dealing Business Information

11. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 11 A POSSIBLE ARCHITECTURE USER SOURCE RESOURCE Resource Metadata Resource Agent User Agent User Metadata Source Metadata Source Agent The GRIDs Environment

12. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 12 Classification of Metadata data (document) SCHEMANAVIGATIONALASSOCIATIVE how to get it constrain it view to users

13. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 13 Structure of Presentation Proposition The Idea Planned Enhancements –Issues to be dealt with Applications –why use GRIDs –target –what has to be done Conclusion

14. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 14 Planned Enhancements (1) Full scalable directory –(full graph including cycles, not tree) –e.g. person orgunit project Authentication: –multiple modes convergent to certificate Authorisation: –by authenticated person / role –against accessing / utilising services, sources, resources, other users

15. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 15 Planned Enhancements (2) Metadata –for description of users, sources (data / information/ software or services), resources (engines eg computation, visualisation or services) –based on RDF/XML; –using the Metadata 3 kinds classification schema, navigational, associative [descriptive, restrictive, supportive]

16. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 16 Planned Enhancements (3) Thesauri and Domain Ontologies –based on DAML+OIL over RDF/XML? –Beyond simple FOPL: F-logic? Web Tools (Services) –(with functional signatures as interfaces) Intelligent Agents –probably conforming to FIPA

17. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 17 Issues to be Dealt With Can we simplify the architecture so that –all entities {users, sources, resources} –are represented as services –and define a metadata for description of services (acting as a kind of service functional signature) Is the CERIF model (www.cordis.lu/cerif) suitable for the directory?

18. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 18 Structure of Presentation Proposition The Idea Planned Enhancements –Issues to be dealt with Applications –why use GRIDs –target –what has to be done Conclusion

19. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 19 Applications The target application areas are e-business, e-commerce, e- learning, e-publishing, e-health, e-environment, e- culture….etc etc At the information layer includes database, information retrieval, web (e.g. digital libraries sensu lato) At the knowledge layer includes decision support, advisor systems, constraint-based process systems (e.g. virtual organisations)

20. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 20 Applications: Why use GRIDs The GRIDs architecture can provide ubiquitous pervasive homogeneous access to –heterogeneous distributed data / information sources with –data ==> information ==> knowledge enhancement and to –computation or visualisation resources to generate (eg through data mining) insight. It can also provide such access to heterogeneous distributed engines (eg for computation or visualisation) It can also provide such access to services. All invisible to the end-user behind a helpful UI

21. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 21 Application Environment Target The target is –user-friendly e-information and e-business –more supportive, intelligent, easy to use and integrated with lifestyle –than current web-based solutions. This implies –the user does not know (or care) from whence comes the information or compute-power to solve her problem

22. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 22 What has to be done to Applications to use GRIDs Need to take legacy applications and GRIDs-wrap them Developing applications will develop in this direction to converge New applications can be built from the beginning to this architecture

23. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 23 Structure of Presentation Proposition The Idea Planned Enhancements –Issues to be dealt with Applications –why use GRIDs –target –what has to be done Conclusion

24. ©CLRC/ITD/Keith G JefferyGRIDsN+N:San Francisco 20010804 24 CONCLUSIONS GRIDs technology will ‘come of age’ when: –it is as / more ubiquitous than WWW –it is as / more pervasive than WWW –it provides the end-user with more leverage than WWW implies when –supported by mainstream IT companies –used in commercial and non-commercial