1. Figure 26-1 Wave Fronts and Rays

2. Figure 26-2 Spherical and Planar Wave Fronts

3. Figure 26-3 Reflection from a Smooth Surface

4. Reflection Law of reflection  i  r

5. Figure 26-4 Reflection from Smooth and Rough Surfaces

6. Figure 26-6 Locating a Mirror Image

7. Figure 26-8 Spherical Mirrors

8. Figure 26-9 Concave and Convex Mirrors

9. Figure 26-10 Parallel Rays on a Convex Mirror

10. Figure 26-12 Parallel Rays on a Concave Mirror

11. Figure 26-13 Spherical Aberration and the Parabolic Mirror

12. Figure 26-14 Principal Rays Used in Ray Tracing for a Concave Mirror

13. Figure 26-15 Principal Rays Used in Ray Tracing for a Convex Mirror

14. Figure 26-17 Image Size and Location in a Convex Mirror

15. Figure 26-18 Image Formation with a Concave Mirror

16. Example 26-3 Image Formation

17. Mirrors The mirror equation

18. Mirrors Magnification

19. Mirrors d o =distance of the object from the mirror d i =distance of the image from the mirror f= focal length of the mirror

20. Mirrors Distances in front of the mirror are positive. Distances behind the mirror are negative.

21. Table 26-1 Imaging Characteristics of Convex and Concave Spherical Mirrors Convex Mirror Object locationImage orientationImage sizeImage type ArbitraryUprightReducedVirtual Concave Mirror Object locationImage orientationImage sizeImage type Beyond CInvertedReducedReal CInvertedSame as objectReal Between F and CInvertedEnlargedReal Just beyond FInvertedApproaching infinityReal Just inside FUprightApproaching infinityVirtual Between mirror and FUprightEnlargedVirtual

22. Mirrors Mirror problems: 19, and 21-24 on page 883. Ray tracing worksheet.

23. Refraction When light transitions between two media with different indices of refraction, it will change direction if it transitions at an angle to the demarcation between the two media.

24. Refraction Angles of incidence and angles of refraction are measured in reference to a line normal (perpendicular) to the line of demarcation between media.

25. The index of refraction (n) for a medium is defined as the speed of light in vacuum (c) divided by the speed of light in the medium(v).

27. Exercise 26-4 Find the angle of refraction

28. Refraction There is a mathematical relationship that is used to calculate the amount of bending called Snell’s Law.

29. Refraction

30. If a ray is transitioning from a medium of lesser n to a medium of greater n it will bend toward the normal.

31. Refraction If a ray is transitioning from a medium of greater n to a medium of lesser n it will bend away from the normal.

32. Figure 26-24 Light Propagating Through a Glass Slab

33. Refraction Problems 37-42 on page 883.

34. Lenses Refractive properties of materials are useful in manipulating light for imaging purposes through the use of lenses.

35. Lenses Lenses consist of two main types converging and diverging.

36. Figure 26-29 A Variety of Converging and Diverging Lenses

37. Figure 26-32 The Three Principal Rays Used for Ray Tracing with Convex Lenses

38. Figure 26-33 The Three Principal Rays Used for Ray Tracing with Concave Lenses

39. Figure 26-35a Ray Tracing for a Convex Lens

40. Figure 26-34 The Image Formed by a Concave Lens

41. Lenses The lens equation

42. Lenses Magnification

43. Lenses d o =distance of the object from the lens d i =distance of the image from the lens f= focal length of the lens

44. Lenses Focal length f is positive for converging(convex) lenses f is negative for diverging (concave) lenses Magnification m is positive for upright images (same orientation as the object) m is negative for inverted images (opposite orientation of object)

45. Lenses Image distance d i is positive for real images (on the opposite side of the lens from the object) d i is negative for virtual images (on the same side of the lens from the object) Magnification m is positive for upright images (same orientation as the object) m is negative for inverted images (opposite orientation of object)

46. Lenses d o is positive for real objects (from which light diverges) d o is negative for virtual objects (toward which light converges)

47. Lenses Problems 63-67 on page 885. Ray tracing worksheet.

48. Dispersion of light The index of refraction in a substance is different for light of different frequencies.

49. Dispersion of light The greater the frequency, the greater the index of refraction.

50. Dispersion of light Violet light will bend more than red light or green light, and therefore a separation of colors occurs.

51. Example 26-8 Prismatics

52. Figure 26-37 Dispersion in a Raindrop

53. Figure 26-38 How Rainbows Are Produced

54. Dispersion of light Problem 77 on p 885