1. Working Group 4 Coastal Biogeochemistry Forum, June 23-25, 2004 K. Lindsay, G. McKinley, C. Nevison, K. Plattner, R. Seifert Can coastal ecosystems be represented in global models? a. How many different types of coastal zones need representation (temperature / topography / phytoplankton types)? b. What processes do we need to capture / understand how well? c.Can these processes be parameterized / resolved in models?

2. MOM4 0.6 o -3 o x 3 o SST, U  0.3 m/s MOM4 3.75 o x 4.5 o Global Ocean Models

3. Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) 3-dimensional circulation model U.S. West Coast configuration (28 o N - 48 o N; 1000 km offshore) Several models with varying horizontal resolution (20km, 15km and 5km) Partially to fully eddy-resolving 20 vertical layers (sigma-coordinates) Climatological forcing (Levitus T,S; COADS) Coupled to an NPDZ ecosystem model including a formulation of the carbon cycle

4. 15km 5km - Level 0 (15 km) - Level 1 (5 km) UCLA ROMS: US West Coast Configuration

5. ROMS NPDZ model: N and C cycles

6. San Francisco Pt. Arena Monterey Bay Monterey Bay ROMS 15 kmROMS 5 km Chl-a (mg m -3 ) Surface Chl-a: ROMS 15km vs. 5 km Annual Mean

7. ROMS 15 kmROMS 5 km Chl-a (mg m -3 ) Surface Chl-a: ROMS 15 km vs. 5 km Snapshot May 21

8. Can ROMS be Applied to Non-Upwelling Coastal Ecosystems? What Changes are Needed to NPDZ Model?

9. Alternatives to Prognostic Numerical Models? In some cases, simpler diagnostic or correlative models may also be useful a) Bakun Upwelling Index b) Coastal N 2 O Emissions c) Coastal CO Production

10. Bakun Upwelling Index schematic from www.pfeg.noaa.gov

11. Upwelling Estimated from QSCAT Wind Data Nevison et al., 2004

12. Upwelling Along Global Eastern Boundaries Estimated from Satellite Winds annual average upwelling rate (m/s) Nevison et al., 2004

13. N 2 O and O 2 are Strongly Anticorrelated in Ocean Depth Profiles Data from Butler et al., 1988

14. Sharp Increase Observed in Surface  N 2 O near Coast Nevison et al., 2004

15. Coastal N 2 O Sources estimated from Satellite Winds and subsurface Oxygen Climatology values are  N 2 O (nM) Nevison et al., 2004

16. Carbon Monoxide Produced by Photodissociation of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) (SeaWiFS 1997-1999)

17. Spectrally Resolved Calculation: CO Production = ∫  F *AQY * (1-e -A ) d Zafiriou et al., 2003

18. The End

19. BGC-Ecosystem Model in ROMS NPDZ-type ecosystem model incl. C and O 2 cycles Tuned to upwelling conditions applying literature values  Initial and boundary conditions: T, S: Levitus (monthly) NO3: World Ocean Atlas (seasonal) NH4, Phyto, Zoo, Det (Large/Small), CaCO 3 : const. (arbitr.) DIC: - Surface: based on pCO 2 climatology (Takahashi et al., 2002) - Layers with seasonal variations of T: Interpolation of DIC based on seasonal T variations - Deep ocean: NOAA/GLODAP climatology (annual) ALK: - Surface: NTA/T relationship (Millero et al., 1998) - Layers with seasonal variations of T: Interpolation of NTA based on seasonal T variations - Deep ocean: NOAA/GLODAP climatology (annual) - All layers: Computation of Alk from NTA and S

20. Eddy Kinetic Energy increases largely with finer model resolution - mean and mesoscale variability in the CCS (Marchesiello et al., JPO 2003) Surface EKE (cm 2 s -2 ) Time (years) 5 km 10 km 20 km