1. Deepwater Improved Oil Recovery Can Technology Overcome Economics? Gavin Longmuir – Knowledge Reservoir Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Technical Symposium – 28 Aug 2009

2. RPSEA Project 1701 – DW GoM IOR 2005 Energy Policy Act -Set up a public-benefit research program - $50 Million/year for 10 years -Funded from Federal lease bonuses & royalties paid by industry

3. RPSEA Project 1701 – DW GoM IOR 2005 Energy Policy Act -Set up a public-benefit research program - $50 Million/year for 10 years -Funded from Federal lease bonuses & royalties paid by industry Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America -Non-Profit Consortium – universities, natl. labs, producers, consumers -Chosen by US Dept. of Energy to manage public-benefit research program

4. RPSEA Project 1701 – DW GoM IOR 2005 Energy Policy Act -Set up a public-benefit research program - $50 Million/year for 10 years -Funded from Federal lease bonuses & royalties paid by industry Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America -Non-Profit Consortium – universities, natl. labs, producers, consumers -Chosen by US Dept. of Energy to manage public-benefit research program DeepStar Industry Consortium -Funded by 9 major companies active in DW GoM -Chosen by RPSEA to administer Ultra-Deepwater Program - $17.5 Million/yr

5. RPSEA Project 1701 – DW GoM IOR 2005 Energy Policy Act -Set up a public-benefit research program - $50 Million/year for 10 years -Funded from Federal lease bonuses & royalties paid by industry Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America -Non-Profit Consortium – universities, natl. labs, producers, consumers -Chosen by US Dept. of Energy to manage public-benefit research program DeepStar Industry Consortium -Funded by 9 major companies active in DW GoM -Chosen by RPSEA to administer Ultra-Deepwater Program - $17.5 Million/yr Knowledge Reservoir / Louisiana State Univ. / Anadarko -Successful bidders on RPSEA 1701 - IOR for DW GoM -$2 Million project – Completion 2 Aug 2010

6. RPSEA 1701 – Project Objectives Identify IOR Processes for Deepwater GoM -potential to add substantial incremental reserves -relatively close to economic feasibility Understand the “technical gaps” -why those IOR processes are not economic today Recommend future R&D programs -how to bridge those technical gaps -identify potential partners for RPSEA R&D

7. Broad Scope of IOR in Deepwater GoM 0% Ultimate Recovery Factor 100% Primary / Stimulation / Natural Water Drive Artificial Lift / Infill Drilling Secondary Recovery EOR Maximize URF

8. Broad Scope of IOR in Deepwater GoM Discovered, Undeveloped 0% Ultimate Recovery Factor 100% Primary / Stimulation / Natural Water Drive Artificial Lift / Infill Drilling Secondary Recovery EOR Offshore IOR Maximize URF

9. DW GoM – World-Scale Opportunity …

10. … But Many Reservoirs are Small …

11. … And Deep 0 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000 17,500 20,000 22,500 25,000 27,500 Future Paleogene MMS Data – Neogene Only 518 Oil Reservoirs 22.8 Billion Bbl OOIP < 172 MMB OOIP > 172 MMB OOIP 490 Smaller Reservoirs 28 Larger Reservoirs

12. IOR Target – 39 Billion Bbl ROIP Projected 39 Billion Bbl Discovered Remaining Oil In Place

13. Limited Secondary Recovery to Date ~190 Discoveries in DW GoM (includes ~15 in Paleogene) 82 Developed Neogene Oil fields 22.8 Billion Bbl OOIP in 518 reservoirs 10 Oil Fields with Water Floods 3.4 Billion Bbl OOIP in 16 reservoirs 15% of Developed OOIP has been Water Flooded 0 Fields with Gas Injection

14. Justifying Wells in High Cost DW GoM

15. Why Oil gets Left Behind? From Literature Survey & Interviews: Economics Technical Challenges Need for Local Favorable Factors Perception of High Risk

16. Local Favorable Factors Miscible Gas Injection project: Intisar D Field, Libya LFF – Availability of stranded produced gas Chemical Flood project: Daqing Field, China LFF – Gov’t support; chemical manufacture on site CO2 Flood projects: West Texas LFF – Proximity to very large natural CO2 deposits What are LFFs for Deepwater GoM fields?

17. Perception of Risk Spotty industry track record on accurately predicting project costs & benefits Consequent requirement for robust economics -Provide safety net for optimistic predictions Resulting reluctance to invest in IOR

18. Perception of Risk Spotty industry track record on accurately predicting project costs & benefits Consequent requirement for robust economics -Provide safety net for optimistic predictions Resulting reluctance to invest in IOR 1. Successful Demonstrations 2. Reduced Development Exposure

19. Getting “Trapped Oil” Out High Abandon Press Limited/Absent Drive Mechanism Poor Sweep - Compartments - Stacked Sands - Well Placement Capillary-Bound Residual Oil

20. Getting “Trapped Oil” Out High Abandon Press Artificial Lift Limited/Absent Drive Mechanism Poor Sweep - Compartments - Stacked Sands - Well Placement Capillary-Bound Residual Oil

21. Getting “Trapped Oil” Out High Abandon Press Artificial Lift Limited/Absent Drive Mechanism Fluid Injection Poor Sweep - Compartments - Stacked Sands - Well Placement Capillary-Bound Residual Oil Infill Drilling

22. Getting “Trapped Oil” Out High Abandon Press Artificial Lift Limited/Absent Drive Mechanism Fluid Injection Poor Sweep - Compartments - Stacked Sands - Well Placement Capillary-Bound Residual Oil Selective Completions Infill Drilling

23. Getting “Trapped Oil” Out High Abandon Press Artificial Lift Limited/Absent Drive Mechanism Fluid Injection Poor Sweep - Compartments - Stacked Sands - Well Placement Capillary-Bound Residual Oil Miscible Processes Selective Completions Infill Drilling

24. Paleogene Challenge – Low URF

25. Local Favorable Factor – Stacked Sands? Overlying Gas Sand Low Cost Artificial Lift by controlled commingling Technical Gap: Reliable Smart Well Technology

26. Local Favorable Factor – Stacked Sands? Overlying Water Sand Low Cost Water Injection by powered dump flood Technical Gaps: Pump Life/Pump Replacement

27. ~ 70 Known IOR Processes + Innovative Approaches Prioritized ~ 15 Processes of Interest Preliminary Screening Building the Business Case for R&D

28. Prioritized Processes for DW GoM IOR Artificial Lift Reduced Cost Reservoir Penetrations Reduced Cost Gas Injection Processes Reduced Cost Water Injection Processes Single Wellbore Injection/Production Processes Cyclic Production of Sub-Economic Fields Higher Credibility Performance Predictions

29. ~ 70 Known IOR Processes + Innovative Approaches Prioritized ~ 15 Processes of Interest Short List ~ 6 Processes with Potential Preliminary Screening Volume Upside (Analogs) Production Response Economic Analysis/Sensitivities Building the Business Case for R&D

30. ~ 70 Known IOR Processes + Innovative Approaches Prioritized ~ 15 Processes of Interest Short List ~ 6 Processes with Potential Final List of ~ 3 Processes Recommended for R&D Preliminary Screening Volume Upside (Analogs) Production Response Economic Analysis Economic Sensitivities Technical Gaps How to Bridge Gaps Building the Business Case for R&D