1. Minimising Risk Name: Larry Cody Job Title:Corporate Affairs Fire Manager

2. 2 Content Rockwool Brand Positioning – March, 2012, Company Briefing, UK 2 1. An overview of the relevant legislation and guidance 2. Reaction to fire characteristics of construction products 3. Principles of Designing Out Fire Risk in Buildings: a) Choose non-combustible building products, where possible Develop an understanding of how products may contribute to the severity of a fire Learn how to minimise fire risk using reaction-to-fire classification data b) Ensure building products are suitable for their intended end use Gain an overview of the different types of construction and their implications for fire safety Develop an understanding of the importance of appropriate third party product and installer certification, especially for passive fire protection products. c)Ensure the products are installed by an adequately trained person Recognise the benefits of the ‘competent person’ for assessing risk and installing fire protection products Understanding of the benefits of reducing fire risk in the built environment to a reasonable and acceptable level

3. 3 3 1.Legislative drivers and guidance

4. 4 Fire Risk Management throughout the building process 4 Design and Build Approved Document B (ADB) During Construction The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 (CDM) Occupied Building The Regulatory Reform Fire Safety Order (RRFSO)

5. 5 Life Safety – Approved Document B (ADB)  Approved Document B states the regulatory requirements to ensure life safety in the event of a fire in respect of the building design  Provides prescriptive guidance and information for:  Means of warning and escape  Internal fire spread  Structural performance  External fire spread  Access for fire and rescue service  Offers guidelines on selecting the right products and ensuring correct installation *Alternative approaches available to designers – Fire design codes and fire engineering 5

6. 6 Life Safety - The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 (CDM).  Statutory requirements covers: Health and safety of workers, neighbours and environment Fire protection during the construction phase  Duties of Client (project owner), Designer, Builder and Individuals Site preparation & management including:- Site Access and security. Fire detection and fighting Emergency procedures (evacuation and provision of safe areas) Provision of information  Guidance provided by Health and Safety Executive 6

7. 7 Life Safety – The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order  Places a duty of care on owners, managers, employees, designers and contractors  The RR(FS)O requires a proactive and continuous review of fire risk for the lifetime of the building  The “Responsible Person” must ensure an adequate fire risk assessment is performed for the premises by a “Competent Person”,  It must consider how the building is designed, the materials used, what is it’s intended purpose and how it should be managed  The fire risk assessment must be acted upon to maintain fire safety. Failure to do so could result in criminal action  If death or injury result in the event of a fire in a building, the responsible parties could face imprisonment 7

8. 8 Property and Business risk protection - FPA and LPC Design Guides  Intended for use by the UK insurance industry  Aimed at commercial and industrial buildings but contains 12 ‘Essential Principles’ which can be applied to all buildings.  Adopting the ‘Essential principles can reduce risk from fire and may also reduce insurance premiums 8

9. 9 9 2.Reaction to Fire and behaviour of products

10. FUEL Flammable gasses Flammable liquids Flammable solids OXYGEN Always present in the air Additional source from oxidising substances IGNITION SOURCE Hot surfaces Electrical equipment Static electricity Smoking and naked lights

11. 11 Standard fire heat curve and stages TIME Reaction to fire Resistance to fire Ignition period Growth period Flashover Fully developed fire Decay decay 600²C 600°C TEMP

12. 12 RELEVANCE OF FLASHOVER  At Flashover, the fire threatens to leave the room of origin and spread to rest of compartment  Death rate increases by 300%  Life safety benefits if fire contained within room of origin

13. 13 REACTION TO FIRE (applies to products & materials)  Ignitability  Flame spread across surface  Heat emission  Smoke & toxic gas emission  Character changes - melting, dripping, charring

14. 14 Designing out risk Principle 1: Choice of products 14

15. 15 EU Reaction to Fire Classification - EN 13501-1 (The new tool on the block, based on tendency to flashover in RCT test) A1 No contribution to a fire A2 No significant contribution to fire growth B Very limited contribution to fire growth C Limited contribution to flashover D Contribution to flashover E Significant contribution to flashover F Not tested or incapable of achieving class * Additional classifications for smoke production and flaming droplets/particles for classes A2 to E

16. 16 Importance of smoke, toxicity and flaming droplets  Should be a major factor when considering the choice of building products  Effects of smoke toxic gas inhalation are now the greatest single factor in fire related deaths  Fire fighters are concerned that they are faced with far greater smoke densities in modern buildings – maybe a combination of contents and construction products  Asphyxiation and disorientation can critically affect safe escape and fire fighting  Standards now available to Fire Engineers for calculating Available Safe Escape Times (ASET) but the vulnerability of occupant population must be carefully considered.  Flaming droplets can lead to downward spread of fire IFE AGM and Conference, Cardiff (6 th / 7 th July 2011)

17. 17 The three principles of Designing Our Risk Designing Out Risk is easy. Ensure: 1.You specify non-combustible building products where possible 2.You use the right product for the right application 3.The products are installed by a trained and competent person. 17

18. 18 Selecting the right building materials and products There are a number of factors that should be considered during the selection process in relation to fire: 1.The construction method and design 2.The anticipated end-use of the premises 3.The potential contribution to a fire from the chosen products. 4. Whether the products are Third Party Approved for their chosen use 18

19. 19 Traditional Methods of Construction *Fire Service Manual, Vol 3: Basic principles of building construction, p87 Masonry and concrete based - used extensively in for 200 years Readily fulfills structural requirements for walls and floors Mainly utilizes non-combustible construction products Typically provides fire resistance of up to four hours* When elements are modified or altered, attention needs to be paid to fire-stopping of penetrations 19

20. 20 Modern Methods of Construction Rockwool’s RockShell system is an innovative, low energy modular solution for the construction of load bearing walls in low-rise buildings  Term refers to construction processes that utilise new technology, composite and traditional processes such as : Steel or timber frame Panellised constructions Modular buildings Structurally Insulated Panels (SIPs)  Many modern buildings are constructed using a hybrid of modern and traditional methods  Generally use more combustible construction products, especially insulation  Loss Prevention Standards provide specific fire test methods for performance assessment 20

21. 21 Refurbishment and Retrofit  Thermal upgrading should not be at the expense of fire performance, especially if the building remains occupied during refurbishment.  The choice of insulation products may influence the extent of fire spread if left exposed. If the building remains occupied during the refurbishment period, additional safety considerations may be required to minimise risk.  Provides an opportunity to re-assess the fire performance of the building including structural protection, fire stopping and active systems – alarms and sprinklers etc.  Preference should always be given to the use of third part approved products and installers 21

22. 22 Selection of Insulation Products  Primary reasons: Thermal performance Acoustic benefits Fire protection ability  Secondary considerations: Combustible characteristics Weight Mechanical strength  Sustainability credentials IFE AGM and Conference, Cardiff (6 th / 7 th July 2011)

23. 23 Designing out risk Principle 2: Ensuring products are suitable for end use 23

24. 24 INSULATION TYPES & USES  Stonewool Thermal, Acoustic & Fire Resistance  Glass wool & Foam Glass Thermal, Acoustic & Fire (until melting)  Foamed plastics, Cellulose and fleece Thermal

25. 25 INSULATION MATERIAL FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DENSITYTHERMAL CONDUCTIVITY EXPECTED REACTION-to-FIRE PERFORMANCE (kg/m³)(W/m.K)EN 13501-1 classUK REGS Phenolic foam30 – 400.021 – 0.024B - CCombustible Polyurethane foam30 – 800.022 – 0.028D – E“ Polyisocyanurate foam30 – 800.022 – 0.028C – D“ Extruded polystyrene foam20 – 800.029 – 0.039E - F“ Expanded polystyrene foam10 – 500.031 – 0.038E – F“ Multi-Foils20 - 300.032 – 0.034 (polyester core) E - F“ Rock Mineral Wool22 – 1800.034 – 0.044A1 – A2Non- combustible Glass Mineral Wool10 – 1000.031 – 0.044A1 - A2“ Cellular glass100 - 1200.040 – 0.050A1 – A2“ Cellulosic fibre20 - 650.035 – 0.040ECombustible Sheep’s wool23 - 300.038 – 0.040E“ Cork100 - 2500.037 – 0.048E“ Reed thatch240 - 2700.070 – 0.090E“ Base material: Oil, Oil & mineral, Mineral, Plant and Animal

26. 26 External facades in residential tower blocks  Fire can spread through an external cladding system via the material or the cavities  Where the external cladding system is not significantly contributing to the spread of fire from one storey to the next, then intervention by emergency services should prevent continued fire propagation by way of the building envelope 26 Fig. 2: Mechanisms for external fire spread by way of the external cladding system Fig. 1: Fire Spread through Cavities Source: “Fire performance of external thermal insulation for walls of multi- storey buildings”, BRE & FRS, 2003

27. 27 ETIC systems consisting of insulation with a classification of A2 or better (Limited Combustible) and a surface finish with a classification of B, S3,d0 or better (National class 0) have no height or boundary proximity restrictions under Approved Document B guidance. For other ETIC systems wishing to prove a similar compliance, large scale testing is necessary. Test performance is only valid for the complete system, including fire breaks. Any change to the tested system would require re-assessment. **Careful checking of test reports is essential**

28. 28 RESISTANCE TO FIRE (applies to systems / structures)  Primary criteria: Stability: Load-bearing capability & structural collapse Integrity - flame puncture Insulation - heat transfer  Secondary criteria: Smoke leakage Heat radiation

29. 29 RESISTANCE CATEGORIES 1.Structural protection 2.Ductwork protection 3.Penetration seals and large barriers 4.Linear fire-stops and cavity barriers

30. 30 1. STRUCTURAL FRAME PROTECTION WHY? PREVENT BUILDING COLLAPSE MAINTAIN COMPARTMENTATION ALLOW ESCAPE

31. 31 BEHAVIOUR OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS (under fire attack) Steel Quite predictable Crystalline structure changes when heated Concrete Relatively unpredictable Sudden and explosive spalling exposing reinforcement Timber Steady charring rates, leading to reduced size, Softwood: 0.67mm/min, Hardwood: 0.5mm/min

32. 32 STEEL ALLOY OF STEEL AND CARBON CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE FERRITE - Plain crystals PERLITE - Plated crystals

33. 33 EFFECT OF HEATING  IRON MOLECULES SLOWLY ABSORB CARBON  NEW CRYSTALS FORMED - AUSTENITE  LOSS OF STRENGTH  AT 550°C - LOAD-BEARING STRENGTH REDUCED BY 50%  WEAKNESS ACCELERATES UNTIL MELTING

34. 34 Concrete – beams, columns and floors

35. 35 CAUSES of FAILURE  Heat transfer through element failure temperature on unexposed face: 140°C+ ambient  Type of concrete  Spalling Due to rapid heating of residual water in the structure Critical where cover thickness exceeds 40 – 50mm  Cracking -Expansion of steel reinforcement

36. 36

37. 37 2. DUCTWORK PROTECTION  Non-fire rated or unprotected ductwork is a common route for fire compromising compartmentation  Type A fire rated ductwork considers fire breaking in and then back out  Type B ductwork considers that fire has already entered the duct  Kitchen extract ductwork considers the passage of fire through the ductwork via any internal grease build-up

38. 38 3. PENETRATION SEALS & LARGE CAVITY BARRIERS TO MAINTAIN COMPRTMENTATION Fire floorsFire walls FW FF

39. 39 The Requirement of the Secretary of State: “In the Secretary of States view, the requirements of B3 will be met if….. … the building is sub-divided by elements of fire-resisting construction into compartments; … any openings in fire-separating elements.. are suitably protected in order to maintain the integrity of the element; … hidden voids.. are sealed and subdivided to inhibit the unseen spread of fire and products of combustion”

40. 40 Effective Fire Stopping  Integrity - Effective firestopping helps stop the passage of fire and smoke between internal walls and floors  Insulation – Effective firestopping restricts the transfer of heat to the non-fire side of the internal wall 40

41. 41 Type of products Coated or faced stone wool slabs Reinforced stone wool curtains Stone wool strips and blocks Fabric curtains Gypsum based compounds Intumescent pipe collars, wraps and sleeves Intumescent pillows Intumescent sealants, movement and expansion joints

42. 42 Choosing the Right Products? ADB 0.20 “Third party accredited product conformity certification schemes not only provide a means of identifying …. products…. which have demonstrated that they have the requisite performance in fire, but additionally provide confidence that the... products.. actually supplied are provided to the same specification or design as that tested/assessed” RRO Guidance – Section 8 “Third-party certification schemes for fire protection products and related services are an effective means of providing the fullest possible assurances, offering a level of quality, reliability and safety that non-certificated products may lack.” Essential Principles Document “Principle 10: As a minimum, all fire protection products shall be third party certified to an appropriate product or performance based standard”

43. 43 Third Party Product Approval Schemes

44. 44 Designing out risk Principle 3: Ensure the products are installed by an adequately trained person 44

45. 45 Installer Scheme Certification Bodies for Passive fire protection 45

46. 46 Extract from Report to the Secretary of State by the Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser on the emerging issues arising from the fatal fire at Lakanal House, Camberwell on 3 July 2009 www.communities. www.communities 5.4.2 Areas for consideration: The Passive Fire protection industry produces a comprehensive range of guidance and technical information on passive Fire protection products, installation and standards. Consideration should be given to reminding specifier’s, main contractors and installers, and those responsible for building safety management of the need to use available information when undertaking works where measures that form passive Fire protection are removed altered or replaced.

47. 47 ROCKWOOL ® Thermal, Fire & Acoustic solutions Thank you & any Questions? ROCKWOOL ® Thermal, Fire & Acoustic solutions Thank you & any Questions?

48. 48 ROCKWOOL ® Thermal, Fire & Acoustic solutions Thank you & any Questions?