1. Newborn By Mohamed Reda Bassiouny, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics/Neonatology
Mansoura University

2. The Newborn
 Definition:
Is a baby whose age is less than one month.

5. Classification According to maturity into: Full term:
gestational age is between 37-41w.
Preterm:
gestational age < 37w.
Post-term:
gestational age > 42w.

6. Full term Baby

7. Preterm Baby

8. Classification According to birth weight:
Normal birth weight: 2.5kg or more.
Low birth weight:< 2.5kg.
Very low birth weight < 1.5kg.

9. Classification According to birth weight and maturity:
Appropriate for gestational age (AGA):
Whose birth weight is between 10th and 90th centile for gestational age.
Small for gestational age (SGA):
whose birth weight is below the 10th centile for gestational age.
Large for gestational age (LGA):
Whose birth weight is above 90th centile for gestational age.

10. Large for Gestational Age

11. Small for Gestational Age

12. Examination of the Newborn
Physical assessment
Neurological evaluation for reflexes & maturity
Estimation of Gestational age

13. Examination of the Newborn Physical Assessment
Measurements
Skin and mucous membranes
Cardiovascular system
Respiratory system
Abdomin
Congenital malformations and dysmorphic features
Urine
Meconium

14. Examination of the Newborn Physical Assessment
Measurements
Weight
Length
Head circumference

15. Examination of the Newborn Physical Assessment
Skin and mucous membranes
Mottling
Mongolian spots
Cyanosis
Pallor
Plethora
Jaundice
Edema

16. Examination of the Newborn Physical Assessment
Cardiovascular system
Normal Heart rate: beat/minute
Cardiac murmur

17. Examination of the Newborn Physical Assessment
Respiratory system
Normal respiratory rate: 40/minute
Signs of respiratory distress
Tachypnea
Grunting
Flaring of alae nasi
Intercostal and subcostal retraction

18. Examination of the Newborn Physical Assessment
Abdomen:
Distention
Umblicus
Liver
Spleen
Kidneys

19. Examination of the Newborn Physical Assessment
Congenital malformations and dysmorphic features:
Exomphalos
Absence of anal opening

20. Examination of the Newborn Physical Assessment
Urine
Meconium

21. Examination of the Newborn Neonatal Reflexes
Significance
How to elicit the reflex
When it appears
When it disappears
Significance of abnormal response

22. Examination of the Newborn Neonatal Reflexes
Moro reflex
Suckling reflex
Rooting Reflex
Grasp reflex
Stepping reflex
Placing reflex
Tonic neck reflex

23. Examination of the Newborn Neonatal Reflexes
Moro reflex

24. Examination of the Newborn Neonatal Reflexes
Grasp reflex

25. Examination of the Newborn Neonatal Reflexes
Suckling reflex

26. Examination of the Newborn Neonatal Reflexes
Asymmetric Tonic neck reflex

27. Examination of the Newborn Neonatal Reflexes
Stepping reflex

28. Examination of the Newborn Estimation of Gestational Age
Last Menstrual Period
Fetal Ultrasonic Examination
Physical and neuromuscular maturity using scoring system

29. What Are the Physical Differences between Full term and Preterm babies ?

30. The Resting Position

31. Skin

32. Ear Pinna

33. Nipple

34. Sole Sole of the Foot

35. Male Genitalia

36. Female Genitalia

37. Full term Preterm Skin oedema Pale, Pink absent Dark, Red
Full term 
Preterm  
Skin
oedema
Pale, Pink
absent
Dark, Red
Variable degree
Lanugo hair
Small amounts over the shoulder
Abundant over the whole back
Ear pinna
Well-defined, incurving, firm.
Flat with little or no incurving, soft.
 Nipple
 >0.75cm in diameter, stippled and raised
 <0.5cm or barely visible, smooth and flat

38. Full term Preterm Sole of foot Creases over the entire sole
Full term 
Preterm  
Sole of foot
Creases over the entire sole
Faint red marks over anterior part
Genitalia
male
Scrotum well developed, multiple deep rugae, both testes are down in scrotum
Scrotum small with few rugae. Testes are absent or high up in scrotum.
 female
Labia majora completely cover labia minora.
Labia majora widely separated, labia minora protruded

39. Test Slides

40. Thank You