1. Prenatal Development & the Newborn

2. A fertilized egg is called a “zygote”
Conception
A fertilized egg is called a “zygote”
Women are born with all the eggs they will have
Men continuously produce sperm from puberty on

3. Conception
Take time and write your own answer – we can share later, but first YOU THINK
1) Some women harvest their eggs to conceive later in life, building a career before having children.
What are the pros and cons of having children in later life?
What societal implications will this practice produce?
2) What should become of unused frozen embryos? Explain your reasons.
3) Should human cloning be allowed? Why or why not?

4. Prenatal Development
About 9 weeks, the embryo begins to look human and is now a “Fetus”
About 10 days after conception, cells attach to the uterine wall and are now an “Embryo
(This one is 6 days and just beginning the process)
In a mere 9 weeks, you went from spongy looking microscopic cells to a mini human form…
CRAZY!!!!!

5. Prenatal Development Placenta Transfers nutrients
18 Weeks Weeks
Placenta
Transfers nutrients
Screens harmful stuff
Teratogens are harmful things that slip through

6. Prenatal - The bad stuff
Examples of Teratogens
Heroine
AIDS Virus
Nicotine
Alcohol
Leads to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (physical & cognitive abnormalities)

7. Prenatal - The bad stuff
Take time and write your own answer – we can share later, but first YOU THINK
1) How do you think the criminal justice system should deal with mothers who abuse drugs during pregnancy?
2) If states pursue offenders of this crime, how do you think society, in general, would be affected?
As of September 2013
17 states can terminate parental rights if evidence of substance abuse during pregnancy
14 states require doctors to report evidence of prenatal substance abuse

8. Competent newborn Newborns pop out with reflexes for survival
Rooting reflex
If touched on the cheek, babies turn and open mouth, searching for nipple
Moro reflex
Arms thrust out and back arches in response to surprise or loud noise
Swimming reflex
If submerged, infants hold their breath and pump arms and legs
Stepping reflex
Infants move feet up and down if held over a flat surface

9. Competent newborn
They are not simply confused little blobs as people used to think
Habituation – a decrease in responsiveness with repeated stimulation
Ex: You move to a new house across from railroad tracks. Your first night, the train comes through, honking, and you sit up in bed from a dead sleep. Eventually, you don’t even hear the train.
It’s useful because it allows researchers to “interpret” infant behavior

10. Competent newborn
APGAR test is a physical test given at 1 and 5 minutes after birth
A – Activity or muscle tone
P – Pulse (newborns should be over 100 bpm)
G – Grimace or reflex irritability (sneeze or cough during mucus suctioning)
A – Appearance (Normal skin color? Blue-gray or pale is not good)
R – Respiration (are they crying and breathing regularly)
Newborn Exam Video