2. Chapter 12 PUNCTUATION POTPOURRI ENGLISH FOR CAREERS, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical by Leila R. Smith Presentation design by Barbara Moran English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

3. Chapter 12 helps you use punctuation marks with precision English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

4. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Use a semicolon between two closely related independent clauses not joined by and, but, or, nor, for, or (sometimes) yet. Few minds wear out ; out ; most minds rust out. Success is getting what you want ; happiness is wanting what you get.

5. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Use a semicolon (or a period) before a transition expression joining independent clauses. I have a contract ; contract ; therefore, I am protected legally. (Omit the comma after short transitions -- -- then, thus, hence, still, yet, and also.) You are protected; thus so am I.

6. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Use a semicolon semicolon before a coordinate conjunction conjunction that joins independent clauses clauses -- IF the sentence already has has two or more commas. We ordered the team’s uniforms, shoes, shoes, and caps; caps; and and they were shipped directly to your Cincinnati, Ohio, Ohio, stadium address.

7. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Use a semicolon semicolon after an independent clause preceding preceding for example, for instance, namely, namely, or that is is when a list is introduced or an explanation ends the sentence. The retirement village is convenient to needed services; namely, a grocery store, a library, and a post office.

8. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Use a semicolon between items in a series IF the series has commas within. Visiting hours are weekdays, 8 to 5; Saturdays, 10 to 5; and Sundays, 1 to 5. We also have locations in San Mateo, California; Atlanta, Georgia; and San Antonio, Texas.

9. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Use a colon colon after a sentence (independent clause) when a second sentence (clause), a phrase, or even a single word explains or supplements the first sentence (original clause). Backyard bird watching is growing in popularity : popularity : Specialty stores now cater to this popular hobby. Urban birds have one main predator : cats.

10. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Use a colon after a complete sentence (independent clause) that introduces a quotation or when a series follows. There is an old saying: “Birds of a feather flock together.” You can attract wild birds to your yard if you provide four things: fresh seed, clean water, shelter, and safety from predators.

11. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Use a colon between hour and minutes and in technical proportions. 12 : 30 p.m. 20 : 1 (ratio of 20 to 1) “Standard Punctuation style” calls for a colon after the salutation (and comma after the complimentary close). Dear Mr. Vu : Sincerely,

12. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Use a colon in a vertical list, unless another sentence separates the list from its introductory sentence: These may be North America’s rarest birds. This is based on several studies. (no colon) Common Nighthawk Chimney Swift Green Parakeet These may be North America’s rarest birds : Common Nighthawk Chimney Swift Green Parakeet

13. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Quotation marks marks prevent accusations of plagiarism (stealing someone else’s words or intellectual property). Use before and after repeating someone’s exact words Mark Twain once said, “ Nothing “ Nothing is ours but our language, our phrasing. If a man takes that from me (knowingly, purposely) he is a thief. ” Do not use when paraphrasing (summarizing what someone said) Mark Twain once said that if anyone took his exact language or phrasing on purpose, that man would definitely be a thief.

14. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Insert closing closing quotation marks marks after a period or comma (American style), but not if a colon or semicolon is needed. “To find yourself, think for yourself,” Socrates said. Three philosophers are included in “Great Ancient Sages ” Sages ” :Socrates, Plato, and Confucius. “

15. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Mahatma Ghandi said, “ Could there be a greater proof of our cowardice than fighting amongst ourselves ?” ourselves ?” (question mark applies only to quote) With question or exclamation marks, placement varies. Did you know that Ghandi said,“ Could there be a greater proof of our cowardice than fighting amongst ourselves ?” ourselves ?” (question mark applies to both parts of the sentence, not just quote) “

16. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Use Use quotation marks marks for titles of subdivisions subdivisions of published works (articles, chapters). Also use quotation marks for names of short poems, poems, songs, songs, and lectures. “ OH!

17. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Use the underline underline or preferably italics to emphasize a word or expression or to show that a word is used where it might seem out of place. Italicize Italicize full-length published books, magazines, newspapers, films, plays, and shows. shows. If italics italics are not available, underline underline the title or use all capital letters. Marie wrote massage instead of message Marie wrote massage instead of message.

18. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The hyphen and the dash are completely different! (half a dash is a hyphen) Compound numbers from twenty-one twenty-one to ninety-nine are spelled with a hyphen Self Self words are hyphenated except for selfsame. Self-conscious Self-respect Hyphenate Hyphenate ex ex when it means former ex-presidentex-husband

19. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 When When non, non, over, over, under, under, semi, semi, or or sub is a prefix, write the word without a space hyphen: hyphen: nonfat, overestimated, underachieved, semiconductor, subcontractor If a proper noun follows a prefix, use a un-American Most pre, re, re, and de de words do not require hyphens, except sometimes if the main word begins with e: e: preheat, replay, re-elect, deselect

20. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 If a prefix ending in e (such as re, de, or pre) might be confusing, use a hyphen. Recover(to get better) Recover (to get better) Re-cover (to cover again)

21. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 If an adjective is more than one word (compound), it has a hyphen if shown in the dictionary OR if it precedes the noun being modified. What’s the difference between a small business owner and a small-business owner? hard-working, up-to-date, government-owned, tax-exempt

22. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 If the first word of the compound expression ends with ly, the hyphen is usually not required. If the ly word is an adjective, do use the hyphen: friendly-looking girl fashionably dressed man No hyphen hyphen is required when the word is a well-established compound noun functioning as an adjective: A high school school student found the social security security check.

23. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Use a hyphen hyphen to divide words at the end of a line. Divide words between syllables. Avoid distracting the reader with amusing or confusing divisions: Please send me your cat- Please send me your cat- alog. Just over the horizon- alog. Just over the horizon- tal line, you’ll find a number. tal line, you’ll find a number. Finally, he abandoned his pet- ulant attitude.

24. Remember the rules for showing possession. According to Kim report, Mr. Atkins sisters had several years experience making children clothes for Mrs. Kentfield children.According to Kim report, Mr. Atkins sisters had several years experience making children clothes for Mrs. Kentfield children. Ms. Hendrix letter is in Dr. Jacobs office.Ms. Hendrix letter is in Dr. Jacobs office. ’s ’ ’ ’ ’s s ’’ English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

25. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 A dash – or emdash – emphasizes nonessential expressions ordinarily enclosed with commas. The movie star was living in Brooklyn with his wife, his sweetheart of many years, and two children. Hmmm. Now replace the commas with dashes. The movie star was living in Brooklyn with his wife wife – his sweetheart of many years years – and two children. Isn’t that better and much clearer?

26. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 A dash is required after a word or word group preceding an independent clause. Honesty, creativity, and humor – those qualities help in the workplace. Use parentheses to enclose directions. The game (see map on page 7) will be at McCormack Stadium. Dashes emphasize and parentheses de-emphasize.

27. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Good – really good – work! You have now seen how to use punctuation marks with precision (including the semicolon, colon, hyphen, dash, quotation, and parentheses).