1. Discovery of the New World Vikings Later European Explorers

2. Vikings in America The Saga of the Greenlanders, ca. A.D. 1200 The Saga of the Greenlanders, ca. A.D. 1200 Erik Thorvaldsson- “Erik the Red” Erik Thorvaldsson- “Erik the Red” A.D. 982, sailed west from Iceland, arrived in Greenland 3 years later. A.D. 982, sailed west from Iceland, arrived in Greenland 3 years later. A.D. 986, persuaded 25 shiploads of settlers to settle in Greenland A.D. 986, persuaded 25 shiploads of settlers to settle in Greenland Bjarni Herjolfsson sets out to Greenland and gets lost, lands on east facing, forested coast, so turns north and east and goes to Greenland. Bjarni Herjolfsson sets out to Greenland and gets lost, lands on east facing, forested coast, so turns north and east and goes to Greenland.

3. http://www.mnh.si.edu/vikings/start.html

4. Leif Eriksson A.D. 990, Leif Eriksson, son of Erik the red explores to the west finds and names several new areas: A.D. 990, Leif Eriksson, son of Erik the red explores to the west finds and names several new areas: Slabrock Land-Baffin Island Slabrock Land-Baffin Island Forest Land-Labrador and Newfoundland Forest Land-Labrador and Newfoundland Wineland-Northern Maine/New Brunswick. Wineland-Northern Maine/New Brunswick. Came into contact with “wild groups” of people. Came into contact with “wild groups” of people. His brother, Thorvald, was killed by natives and buried near the Bay of Fundy. His brother, Thorvald, was killed by natives and buried near the Bay of Fundy.

5. L’anse aux Meadows-Newfoundland Excavations of site dating to A.D. 1000 Excavations of site dating to A.D. 1000 8 sod walled structures, Norse artifacts 8 sod walled structures, Norse artifacts spindle whorl spindle whorl needle hone needle hone work shed work shed boat sheds boat sheds smithy smithy

6. http://members.aol.com/bakken1/viking/vikingnw.gif

7. L’Anse Aux Meadows http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/nfld7317.jpg

8. L’anse Aux Meadows http://collections.ic.gc.ca/vikings/phtogal1.htm

9. L’anse Aux Meadows: Sod house http://collections.ic.gc.ca/vikings/phtogal1.htm

10. L’Anse Aux Meadows Reconstructed http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/nfld1455.jpg

11. Reconstruction Enhanced http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/nfld7371.jpg

12. Smithy Excavations http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/smithy7343.jpg

13. Smithy Reconstructed http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/smithy7347.jpg

14. Reconstructed house interior http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/nfld1459.jpg

15. Artifacts http://collections.ic.gc.ca/vikings/phtogal1.htm Ship Fittings

16. Drawing of Viking Ship http://vikingships.tripod.com/images

17. Viking Ship: replica of ship, christened as Edda, sailing in Heroy fjord in 1988 www.heorot.dk/beo-guide.html

18. Pin http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/pin7331.jpg

19. Artifacts Continued Stone lamp http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/nfld7361.jpg

20. Trade Trade between Norse and Inuit natives Trade between Norse and Inuit natives copper and iron copper and iron Norwegian penny found in Maine, dating to A.D. 1065-1080. Norwegian penny found in Maine, dating to A.D. 1065-1080. woolen cloth woolen cloth chain mail chain mail carpenters tools carpenters tools

21. Norse Departure Norse never settled N. America, stayed in Greenland until A.D. 1500. Norse never settled N. America, stayed in Greenland until A.D. 1500.

22. Later European Explorers-15 th c Oct 12, 1492-Columbus lands at San Salvador, Bahamas. Oct 12, 1492-Columbus lands at San Salvador, Bahamas. Search for western route to Indies. Search for western route to Indies. Soon followed by other explorers to “serve God and get rich” Soon followed by other explorers to “serve God and get rich”

23. Other 15 th Century Explorers A.D. 1497-John Cabot travels north A.D. 1497-John Cabot travels north Scholars debate exactly where he landed and explored Scholars debate exactly where he landed and explored http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/cabot1497.html#matthew Cabot’s ship “Matthew”

24. 16 th Century A.D. 1506, de Balboa traveled across Central America to Pacific. A.D. 1506, de Balboa traveled across Central America to Pacific. A.D. 1584, Amadas and Barlow, sailing for Walter Raleigh, set out to settle can colonize the New World. A.D. 1584, Amadas and Barlow, sailing for Walter Raleigh, set out to settle can colonize the New World. One year later, Grenville followed, colony was a failure, but had scientists on board who sketched natives (Powhatan). One year later, Grenville followed, colony was a failure, but had scientists on board who sketched natives (Powhatan). Hariot’s Briefe and True Report of the new Found Land of Virginia, 1588. Hariot’s Briefe and True Report of the new Found Land of Virginia, 1588.

25. De Verrazzano (http://www.italianhistorical.org/verrazzano.htm) A.D. 1524, de Verrazano-landed at Cape Fear, NC to Maine

26. Jacques Cartier A.D. 1534, Jacques Cartier, sailed the Gulf of St. Lawrence. A.D. 1534, Jacques Cartier, sailed the Gulf of St. Lawrence. He used Indian guides for his voyages, two of which he later brought back to France. He used Indian guides for his voyages, two of which he later brought back to France.

27. Jacques Cartier’s Route 1 http://www.civilization.ca/vmnf/explor/carti_em.html

28. Cartier Route 2 http://www.civilization.ca/vmnf/explor/cart2_em.html

29. Southern Explorers A.D. 1513 Ponce de Leon in Florida A.D. 1513 Ponce de Leon in Florida A.D. 1519 de Pineda-Mississippi River A.D. 1519 de Pineda-Mississippi River Navarez followed Pineda, landing in Tampa Bay, set out to march west with 260 men Navarez followed Pineda, landing in Tampa Bay, set out to march west with 260 men Only five men survived (Navarez one of them) Only five men survived (Navarez one of them) Others (de Niza, de Coronado, de Alvarado) tried and failed to find the “Seven lost cities of Cibola”, a place teaming with gold. Others (de Niza, de Coronado, de Alvarado) tried and failed to find the “Seven lost cities of Cibola”, a place teaming with gold.

30. De Soto A.D. 1539 Hernando de Soto A.D. 1539 Hernando de Soto descriptions of Florida’s inhabitants. descriptions of Florida’s inhabitants. Went west in search of gold to Mississippi, then into Oklahoma. Went west in search of gold to Mississippi, then into Oklahoma. Realized that the southeast had no gold, de Soto died of fever. Realized that the southeast had no gold, de Soto died of fever.

31. De Soto’s Trail http://www.floridahistory.com/inset44.html#Chroniclers

32. Native American villages De Soto and his man recorded the Indian villages they came across: http://www.floridahistory.com/de-bry- plates/ De Soto and his man recorded the Indian villages they came across: http://www.floridahistory.com/de-bry- plates/ http://www.floridahistory.com/de-bry- plates/ http://www.floridahistory.com/de-bry- plates/

33. Prehistoric Occupants Explorers reports of the “Indians” spawned speculation about them. Explorers reports of the “Indians” spawned speculation about them. Much diversity and differences between the Indians that were brought back to the noble courts of Europe for display. Much diversity and differences between the Indians that were brought back to the noble courts of Europe for display. Theories Theories Ancient Carthaginian migrations Ancient Carthaginian migrations Ten Lost Tribes of Israel Ten Lost Tribes of Israel Indians related to Tartars, Scythians and biblical Hebrews. Indians related to Tartars, Scythians and biblical Hebrews.

34. Next Time The nature of North American archaeology. The nature of North American archaeology.