1. Braille Formats 2011 Spelling and Grammar Using Braille Formats CTEBVI Workshop 101 Presented by: Amanuensis Braille Presenter: Robert Roldan rroldan@amanuensisbraille.com

2. Introduction How to apply the Braille Formats Principals of Print-to-Braille Transcription, 2011. What to do when what you see in print isn’t covered in the Braille Formats guidelines? Braille examples using the new formats guidelines.

3. When Do I Use Spelling Formats 17.1.1 Spelling texts include a variety of teaching methods, e.g., emphasis of certain letters, omission of letters, scrambled letters, deliberate misspellings, etc., to reinforce the proper spelling of a word. This section applies only to these types of situations, in which the spelling or the formation of the word is the most important consideration. – Freestanding letter combinations and portions of words must be written in uncontracted braille and the contractions for to, into, and by must not precede them. – When a text refers to the spelling of a word, that word must be written in uncontracted braille. – If the text calls attention to a specific letter or a letter combination within a word by direct reference or by use of a special typeface or enclosure signs, that word must be written in uncontracted braille. – If an exercise tells you to place punctuation in the proper location of a word, that word must be written uncontracted to avoid giving away the answer.

5. Spelling Word List Word lists, appearing typically at the beginning of chapters or lessons that are intended to teach how each word is spelled. – Font attributes used for entire spelling word lists are ignored. – Spelling words are listed vertically in 1-3. – The first writing of the spelling word or phrase is contracted. – Words and phrases with contractions are repeated in uncontracted braille. – Each contracted word is separated from its respelling by one blank space. When the spelling word is a phrase, the uncontracted respelling is preceded by two blank spaces.

6. Example

7. Spelling Word List with Partial Emphasis Word lists may focus on certain aspects of spelling by use of partial emphasis. – Use italics for all forms of emphasis. – Each word is contracted, uncontracted, and uncontracted with partial emphasis. – The termination indicator (6, 3) is inserted to indicate the end of the italics in a partially-emphasized word. – One space separates each spelling of single words. Two spaces separate each spelling of phrases. – All words are listed vertically in 1-3.

8. Example

9. Omitted Word Parts or Letters Use the double dash to represent omitted word parts. Do not use contractions or letter signs for letters attached to the double dash. Do not use the contraction for to, into, or by before word parts. Substitute an equivalent number of unspaced dot 3s when symbols (dots, asterisk, etc.) indicate a specific number of missing letters. – Add a transcriber’s note to explain the use of dot 3’s. Use hyphens when shown in print or the text indicates how many letters.

10. Examples

11. Example cont.

12. Intentional Marked or Unmarked Errors When print calls attention to errors by means of a font attribute, e.g., underline, italics, color, highlighting, etc., the designated words are uncontracted, and the remainder of the passage is contracted. Entire passages with unmarked intentional spelling errors are uncontracted.

13. Example

15. Crossed Out Letters Words with crossed-out letters are uncontracted. – Show the word as spelled, without indicating the crossed-out letters. – Repeat the word, and substitute a hyphen - (36) for each letter. – Explain the use of the hyphen in a transcriber's note. Words with crossed out letters within a sentence. – Use same format but repeat the word enclosed in TN symbols – Explain the use of the hyphen and TN symbols in a TN.

16. Examples

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18. Emphasized Letters in Grammar Font attributes are ignored in braille when all capital letters are emphasized in print. A transcriber's note is inserted to explain the emphasis. When only isolated letters are capitalized and emphasized: – Uncontract any words with emphasized letters; contract all other words. – Use italics for emphasized letters. – End the italicized letter with the termination indicator (6, 3). – Place a hyphen after the termination indicator when a print hyphen follows an emphasized letter. – A transcriber's note is inserted with basic information about print capitalization. – Include the termination indicator on the Special Symbols page.

19. Example

20. Punctuation Marks Omit punctuation marks identified in the text followed by there print mark. Unidentified free standing punctuation marks with or without signs of enclosures or commas are preceded by a dot 4. TN is added to explain the use of the dot four. When all punctuation is emphasized in print add a TN to explain the emphasis and omit it from the punctuation marks.

21. Examples

22. Specific Punctuation Emphasized When all instances of a specific punctuation are emphasized, omit the emphasis and explain it in a TN. When isolated punctuation is emphasized, omit the emphasis and use an embedded TN immediately after the word to explain the emphasis.

23. Examples

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25. Linear Sentence Diagramming Font attributes are used to distinguish parts of speech and are terminated by the termination sign. Print symbols (i.e., slash or vertical bar) used to show different parts of a sentence are brailled using the appropriate symbols. Words enclosed in shapes which are used to distinguish parts of speech are brailled using shape indicators and are terminated by the termination indicator. – Brailled in a 1/3 list format – Spaced as they appear in print

26. Examples

27. Spatial Sentence Diagramming Spatial material is preceded and followed by a blank line. Follow print for placement and direction of arrows placed above or below sentences. Symbols start above or below the first letter of the word, or the number indicator of a number. Keep words or phrases between which an arrow shows a relationship are on a single braille line. Move part of the sentence to a new line to keep the relationship intact. When they won’t fit on one line. Explain the arrow’s relationship in a transcriber's note.

28. Example

29. Example cont.