1. Research Internships for a Sustainable Environment with Undergraduate Participation Assessing Environmental Impacts of Water Use and Conservation By: Jonathan Witham August 6, 2014

2.  Examine the importance of water conservation in the Great Lakes region  Sustainable, financial model for Great Lakes communities  Effective knowledge transfer of case studies

3. Image Source: Improving Water Management in the Great Lakes Basin. Extreme Makeover: How Six Model Municipalities Are Greening Their Water Management Program and Their Bottom Line. (2014). Great Lakes Commission, ECT Inc., Alliance for Water Efficiency. Slide 7.

4. Image Source: Improving Water Management in the Great Lakes Basin. Extreme Makeover: How Six Model Municipalities Are Greening Their Water Management Program and Their Bottom Line. (2014). Great Lakes Commission, ECT Inc., Alliance for Water Efficiency. Slide 8.

5. Why is Water Conservation Needed in the Great Lakes Region? Image source: http://planetforward.ca/blog/study-shows-the-great-lakes- are-being-overused-and-face-long-term-peril/

6. Image Source: http:// www.horsleywitten.com/evergreen/mod-1-safe-yield.html

7.  No measureable impacts on lakes  Impacts associated with water use, not withdrawal  Water that would flow into terrestrial habitats or wetlands now flows into storm sewers  Upstream urban and agricultural runoff

8.  Must have sufficient population density to support the cost of infrastructure  Examples: Milwaukee, Chicago, Detroit  Economic effects of pumping to inland communities Image Source: http://www.city-data.com/forum/city-vs-city/596868-city-skylines-before-after-12.html

9. Image Source: http://detroitfirstaid.com/tag/detroit/  Natural infiltration to recharge groundwater  Urban areas push water into storm sewers to discharge to open water  Overwhelming storm sewer systems

10.  1-inch Rain  24 Foot Wide Road  1 mile long  Does not include parking lots or runoff from land adjacent to roads Cover Type Soil Type Area (sf)Area (ac) Runoff Volume, V (ft 3 ) Runoff Volume (gallons) Yearly Average Volume (gal) Assuming D Type Soils Pavement and RooftopD 126,7202.9091 8,352 62,473 1,360,946

11. City of Guelph: 330 miles Region of Waterloo: 450 miles Oakland County: 5,400 miles Guelph = 450 Million Gallons/year Waterloo = 600 Million Gallons/year Oakland County = 7.3 Billion Gallons/year Image Source: Microsoft Online. http://office.microsoft.com/en- us/images/results.aspx?qu=road&ex=1#ai:MP900401482|

12. Image Source: Google Earth. 2014. City of Waterloo, ON Southwest Oakland Township, MI

13.  Green Infrastructure (Best Management Practices)  Household Amenities  Low flush Toilets  Irrigation Evapotranspiration Controllers  Conservation By-Laws (Ontario)  Purpose to reduce water use peaks

14.  Different BMPs for urban and suburban areas  Vegetated BMPs versus smart cisterns BioswaleForest Retention Image Sources: Rain Garden: http://www.soildistrict.org/healthy-yards/rain-garden-resources/; Others: Brenner, A., Edstrom, J., McCarthy, J., Higuchi, R., & Vernier, M. (2011). Planning and Beginning Reforesting of Detroit Using Strategic Ecological and Environmental Analysis. The Greening of Detroit. Environmental Consulting & Technology, Inc., Sanborn, Photo Science Geospatial Solutions. Used with Permission. Rain Barrel Wet Meadow Rain Garden

15.  Issue Media Group  Audience:  Local decision makers  Governmental authorities  Residents  Impossible to convey the same message to everyone Image Sources: http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/images/results.aspx?

16.  Need to take integrated water system approach to planning  Green infrastructure should be designed in context of local needs and sizing.  Each service area is unique, and similar practices will not work effectively for all areas.

17. Image source: http://colebradburn.com/wp- content/uploads/2012/01/questions.jpg