1. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 16501700175018001850190019502000 July Temperature (  C) Figure 7.1 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1970197519801985199019952000 July Temperature (  C) Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

2. Figure 7.2 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

3. Figure 7.3 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

4. Figure 7.4 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

5. Figure 7.5 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

6. Warm Water Cold Water Warm Water Cold Water Figure 7.6 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

7. Figure 7.7 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

8. Figure 7.8 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

9. Figure 7.9 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

10. Figure 7.10 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

11. Figure 7.11 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

12. strong Pacific jet stream well south of normal directs major storms and moisture into the Southwest normal Pacific jet stream Polar jet stream north of normal blocks cold air high pressure; temperatures above normal persistent low pressure; record rains and floods above normal temperatures in tropical Pacific normal Polar jet stream Low pressure below normal temperatures in tropical Pacific variable Pacific jet stream strengthens markedly toward the Pacific Northwest at times, directing major storms into the region low pressure area; heavy rains and floods persistent high pressure area;very dry and warm High pressure variable Polar jet stream strengthens and shifts south of normal at times, producing frequent cold and storms Figure 7.12 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

13. Figure 7.13 (  0.1  C) Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

14. Figure 7.14 (mm day -1 )Evaporation - Precipitation 90W60W30W030E60E 20N 40N 60N 80N Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

15. -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 18601880190019201940196019802000 NAO index Figure 7.15 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan