1. INTRODUCTORY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

2. This is NOT a class about remembering the names, locations, or measures of physical features and natural phenomena around the world. Instead you will learn the physical explanation for their presence, location and magnitude through the application of simple laws of physical science. This will create a knowledge base which you can apply to a variety of future and past scenarios, as well as build upon to better understand issues facing our global physical environment.

3. INTRODUCTORY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Course Objectives. 1. To understand the nature of solar energy reaching the surface of the Earth, and its temporal and global variability.

4. INTRODUCTORY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Course Objectives. 2. To understand the nature and origin of energy arriving at the surface of the Earth from within the planet, the mechanisms of this energy transfer, and their geographic distribution.

5. INTRODUCTORY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Course Objectives. 3. To understand how the interactions of oceans, continents and atmosphere transfer energy from places experiencing excess energy to those of deficit energy, and how this gives rise to the typical climate of a location.

6. INTRODUCTORY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Course Objectives. 4. To understand why energy from within the Earth arrives at specific, restricted geographic locations, and how these patterns give rise to the macro-scale geography of our planet.

7. INTRODUCTORY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Course Objectives. 5. To understand the processes by which the competing forces driven by energy derived from the climate system and those from within the Earth interact to produce typical landscapes.

8. INTRODUCTORY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Course Objectives. 6. To indicate the ways in which all of the above impinge upon human behavior, our interaction with our environment, and in turn, how our behavior may impact our environment.

9. INTRODUCTORY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Course Content. The course is divided into three portions: The first half deals with the Earth’s climate system. The third quarter considers the nature and distribution of energy from within the Earth. The final quarter examines the interaction of the two former sets of forces in shaping landscapes.

10. WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY? Weather: Highly variable from location to location, time period to time period, week to week, day to day, hour to hour. Very erratic and very hard to forecast accurately any more than a day or two ahead

11. WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY? Climate: Weather aggregated over many years Average Daily Maximum Temperatures. Lake City, Florida, 1893- 2010 Why is it hot is June – August and cool December- February? Why do max. temps appear to “plateau” in summer, but not in winter?

12. WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY? Climate: Weather aggregated over many years Average Daily Maximum Temperatures, and measure of variability. Lake City, Florida, 1893-2010 Why is the range of likely maximum daily temperatures so much larger in winter than in summer?

13. WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY? Climate: Weather aggregated over many years Average Daily Maximum Temperatures, and measure of variability. AND risks of temperatures greater than 97°F! Lake City, Florida, 1893-2010 Why do the risks of exceeding 97°F peak in June, then plateau through July and August, before declining in the Fall?

14. WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY? Climate: Weather aggregated over many years Average maximum annual temperature, °F 1949 - 2000 VARIATIONS IN SPACE TOO! TIME AND SPACE! Why are the highest annual maxima found in North Florida? Why are maximum temperatures greater inland compared to the coast?

15. PERCENTAGE OF MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION OCCURRING IN WINTER. 1949 - 2000 TIME SCALES - Seasonal Why does NW Florida receive a higher % of its annual precip. in winter? Why does S Florida experience such a low % in winter?

16. COLD PHASE ENSO – La Niña NEUTRAL PHASE ENSO WARM PHASE ENSO – El Niño Proportion of annual precipitation during winter under various ENSO phases. TIME SCALES – Interannual – global Connections. Why does a change in sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific impact the precip. in Florida?

17. Differences in Proportion of annual precipitation During winter Warm phase - Cold phases. TIME SCALES – Interannual Why areas of Florida can anticipate the greatest changes in rainfall dependent upon the equatorial Pacific?

18. TIME SCALES – Interdecadal How do the risks of the number of heat waves annually change with long-term changes in the temperature of the Atlantic Ocean?

19. WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY? “Climate is what you expect,……..” Includes average, variability and extremes

20. WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY? “Climate is what you expect,……..” Includes average, variability and extremes “………. Weather is what you get!”

21. HOW ARE WE GOING TO STUDY IT?

22. Flows of Energy and Mass. Movements of Energy and Mass within the Earth’s Atmospheric System

23. WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM?

24. Source of Energy: SUN

25. WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM? Source of Energy: SUN Target Planet of Interest: EARTH

26. WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM? Source of Energy: SUN Target Planet of Interest: EARTH 1. About 92.6 million miles (150 million Km)

27. WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM? Source of Energy: SUN Target Planet of Interest: EARTH 1. About 92.6 million miles (150 million Km) 2. Target rotating anti-clockwise around own axis once every 24 hrs.

28. WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM? Source of Energy: SUN Target Planet of Interest: EARTH 1. About 92.6 million miles (150 million Km) 2. Target rotating anti-clockwise around own axis once every 24 hr. 3. Target revolving around source once every 365.25 dy