1. Design Considerations for High Fan-in Systems: The HiFi Approach Presented by Shawn Jeffery CIDR‘05 1/7/05 Michael J. Franklin, Shawn R. Jeffery, Sailesh Krishnamurthy, Frederick Reiss, Shariq Rizvi, Eugene Wu, Owen Cooper, Anil Edakkunni, and Wei Hong UC Berkeley, Intel Research Berkeley

2. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS Itinerary Introduction: High Fan-in Systems HiFi Overview Initial Prototype Ongoing Work and Future Directions Conclusions

3. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS Introduction Receptors everywhere! Wireless sensor networks, RFID technologies, digital home, network monitors,... Somehow need to make sense of this data to provide near real-time decision support

4. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS High Fan-in Systems Large numbers of receptors = large data volumes Hierarchical, successive aggregation The “Bowtie” Challenges in 3 dimensions: Geography Time Resources

5. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS Supply-Chain Management (SCM) Receptors Warehouses, Stores Dock doors, Shelves Regional Centers Headquarters

6. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS State of the Art Not seen as a data management issue Focus on protocol design Different “data models” at each level Reinventing “query languages” at each level Piecemeal/stovepipe approach Each type of receptor (RFID, sensors, etc) handled separately Current solutions tend to be hand-coded, script- based approaches  No end-to-end, integrated solution for managing distributed receptor data

7. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS Itinerary Introduction: High Fan-in Systems HiFi Overview Initial Prototype Ongoing Work and Future Directions Conclusions

8. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS HiFi: Cascading Stream Processing in a High Fan-in System A data management infrastructure for high fan-in environments Uniform Declarative Framework Every node is a data stream processor that speaks SQL-ese  stream-oriented queries at all levels Hierarchical, stream-based views as an organizing principle

9. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS Hierarchical Query Processing “I provide raw readings for Soda Hall” “I provide avg daily values for Berkeley” “I provide avg weekly values for California” “I provide national monthly values for the US” Continuous and Streaming Windows Sharing Hierarchical Temporal granularity vs. geographic scope SELECT S.area, AVG(S.temp) FROM SENSOR_STREAM S [range by ‘5 sec’ slide by ‘5 sec’] GROUP BY S.area

10. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS Basic HiFi Architecture HiFi Glue DSQP HiFi Glue DSQP MDR Hierarchical federation of nodes Each node: Data Stream Query Processor (DSQP) HiFi Glue Views drive system functionality Metadata Repository (MDR) HiFi Glue DSQP HiFi Glue DSQP Management Query Planning Archiving Internode coordination and communication

11. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS In the paper… HiFi Design Considerations Dealing with Real-World Data Hierarchical Windowed Views with Sharing System Management Topological Fluidity Query Planning and Data Placement Complex Event Processing Archiving and Prioritization Privacy and Access Control

12. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS Itinerary Introduction: High Fan-in Systems HiFi Overview Initial Prototype Ongoing Work and Future Directions Conclusions

13. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS Envisioning HiFiBuilding HiFi

14. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS A Tale of Two Systems TelegraphCQ Data stream processor Continuous, adaptive query processing with aggressive sharing TinyDB Declarative query processing for wireless sensor networks In-network aggregation

15. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS Initial Prototype TelegraphCQ TinyDB Stargates Sensor Networks & RFID Readers RFID Wrappers PC

16. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS Initial Prototype Demoed @ VLDB ‘04

17. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS HiFi Design Considerations Dealing with Real-World Data Hierarchical Windowed Views with Sharing System Management Topological Fluidity Query Planning and Data Placement Complex Event Processing Archiving and Prioritization Privacy and Access Control Dealing with Real-World Data Hierarchical Windowed Views with Sharing System Management Topological Fluidity Query Planning and Data Placement Complex Event Processing Archiving and Prioritization Privacy and Access Control

18. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS CSAVA: Processing RFID Data in HiFi RFID data is gross! Lost readings Errant readings Duplicate readings Use queries to make the data usable CSAVA: Clean  Smooth  Arbitrate  Validate  Analyze

19. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS CSAVA: Processing RFID Data in HiFi Clean CREATE VIEW cleaned_rfid_stream AS (SELECT receptor_id, tag_id FROM rfid_stream rs WHERE read_strength >= strength_T)

20. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS CSAVA: Processing RFID Data in HiFi Clean Smooth CREATE VIEW smoothed_rfid_stream AS (SELECT receptor_id, tag_id FROM cleaned_rfid_stream [range by ’5 sec’, slide by ’5 sec’] GROUP BY receptor_id, tag_id HAVING count(*) >= count_T)

21. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS CSAVA: Processing RFID Data in HiFi Clean Smooth Arbitrate CREATE VIEW arbitrated_rfid_stream AS (SELECT receptor_id, tag_id FROM smoothed_rfid_stream rs [range by ’5 sec’, slide by ’5 sec’] GROUP BY receptor_id, tag_id HAVING count(*) >= ALL (SELECT count(*) FROM smoothed_rfid_stream [range by ’5 sec’, slide by ’5 sec’] WHERE tag_id = rs.tag_id GROUP BY receptor_id))

22. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS CSAVA: Processing RFID Data in HiFi Arbitrate Validate CREATE VIEW validated_tags AS (SELECT tag_name, FROM arbitrated_rfid_stream rs [range by ’5 sec’, slide by ’5 sec’], known_tag_list tl WHERE tl.tag_id = rs.tag_id Clean Smooth

23. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS CSAVA: Processing RFID Data in HiFi Validate CREATE VIEW tag_count AS (SELECT tag_name, count(*) FROM validated_tags vt [range by ‘5 min’, slide by ‘1 min’] GROUP BY tag_name Analyze Arbitrate Clean Smooth

24. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS CSAVA: Processing RFID Data in HiFi Augment Convert Aggregate Validate Analyze Arbitrate Clean Smooth Augment Convert Aggregate

25. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS CSAVA: Bridging the Physical- Virtual Divide An example of HiFi processing, but instrumental in dealing with real world data Arbitrate Clean SmoothWindow Single Tuple Multiple Receptors CSAVA Generalization

26. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS Complexity of Hierarchical Windowed Query Processing Naïve dissemination (unchanged query) introduces a lag in query results

27. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS Additive Lag in Hierarchical Windowed Query Processing Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Window Event Result Tuple(s) Additive Lag! Result Tuple(s) Window SELECT S.area, AVG(temp) FROM SENSOR_STREAM S [range by ‘5 sec’ slide by ‘5 sec’] GROUP BY S.area User Time

28. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS Sketch of a Solution Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Event Result Tuple(s) Window SELECT S.area, AVG(temp) FROM SENSOR_STREAM S [range by ‘5 seconds’ slide by ‘5 seconds’] GROUP BY S.area User Solution is to use both time-based windows and NOW windows Time Result Tuple(s) NOW window Time-based window

29. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS System Management Our small deployment: 20+ individual devices (4 types of devices) 5 different platforms (OS + Hardware)  Management nightmare System-wide management is crucial Both coarse and fine-grained Where we’re headed: System monitoring needed: turn the lens inwards to introspect on system state Use uniform declarative framework to provide failover and load balancing

30. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS Itinerary Introduction: High Fan-in Systems HiFi Overview Initial Prototype Ongoing Work and Future Directions Conclusions

31. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS Ongoing Work and Future Directions Bridging the physical-virtual divide Generalize CSAVA-type processing to other receptors Hierarchical query processing Query planning, dissemination Complex event processing Unify event and data processing System deployment and management Archiving and prioritization

32. 1/7/05Shawn Jeffery, HiFi Project, UCB EECS Conclusions Receptors everywhere  High Fan-In Systems Uniform declarative framework is the key to building these systems The HiFi project is exploring this approach Our initial prototype Leveraged TelegraphCQ and TinyDB Validated the HiFi approach Identified research directions Broad in scope = much work to be done!

33. Questions? hifi.cs.berkeley.edu