1. A Comparative Study of Energy Usage by America and Japan, Over a Ten Year Period Team Members Jessica Wilson Lee Smalls Jr. Anisah Nu’Man Joan Kibaara Donnell Terry

2.  In this study a comparison of consumption of various forms of energy by America and Japan, is made for the years 1996 through 2005. The existing data of annual usage of oil, natural gas, coal and electricity by America and Japan, will be prorated for 1000 population and a regression analysis is performed, for each form. It is found that per 1000 population for each of oil, natural gas and coal there is a negative relation for consumption by America and Japan and electricity consumption is positive. The correlation coefficients for the decreasing trend for oil, natural gas and coal and increasing trend for electricity are not significant to conclude that a pattern exists for comparison.

3.  Prorated consumption formula  Used to calculate the consumption of energy for every one thousand population.

4. US Consumption US Prorated US Population YearOilNatural GasCoalElectricity 199618308.9226101006.33253.8 199718620.3227371029.53301.8 199818917.1222461037.13425.1 199919519.3224051038.63483.7 200019701.1233331084.13592.4 200119648.7222391060.13557.1 200219761.3230071066.43631.7 200320033.5222771094.93662 200420731.2223891107.33715.9 200520802.2222411125.53815.7 YearOilNatural GasCoalElectricity 19960.06940.08570.00380.0123 19970.06950.08490.00380.0123 19980.07000.08230.00380.0127 19990.07160.08220.00380.0128 20000.07150.08470.00390.0130 20010.07070.08000.00380.0128 20020.07040.08200.00380.0129 20030.06900.07670.00380.0126 20040.07070.07640.00380.0127 20050.07030.07520.00380.0129 YearPopulation 1996263,814,032 1997267,954,764 1998270,311,756 1999272,639,608 2000 275,562,673 2001 278,058,881 2002 280,562,489 2003 290,342,554 2004 293,027,571 2005 295,734,134

5. Japan Consumption Japan Prorated Japan’s Population YearOilNatural GasCoalElectricity 19965739.52390.1142.2916.9 19975697.22439.5148.3944.1 19985498.22534.8140.6949 19995614.52735.6153.1953.9 20005495.42832.9168.8946.3 20015394.42830.6173.2930.5 20025301.32927.6179.2949.9 20035415.93044.6185.3936.8 20045290.63131203.4965.9 20055305.13080.8196.3974.2 YearOilNatural GasCoalElectricity 19960.04570.01900.00110.0073 19970.04530.01940.00120.0075 19980.04370.02010.00110.0075 19990.04450.02170.00120.0076 20000.04340.02240.00130.0075 20010.04260.02230.00140.0073 20020.04180.02310.00140.0075 20030.04260.02390.00150.0074 20040.04150.02460.00160.0076 20050.04160.02420.00150.0076 YearPopulation 1996125,506,492 1997 125,732,794 1998 125,931,533 1999 126,182,077 2000 126,549,976 2001 126,771,662 2002 126,974,628 2003 127,214,499 2004 127,333,002 2005 127,417,244

11.  #include  using namespace std;   int main()  {  ifstream infile;  ofstream outfile;   float USAOil, USANG, USACoal, USAElec, USAOPT, USANGPT, USACPT, USAEPT;  float Oil,JNG, JCoal, JElec, JOPT, JNGPT, JCPT, JEPT;  int Year, USAPop, JPop;  infile.open("c:\\project1\\USAinput.txt");  outfile.open("c:\\project1\\USAoutput.txt");   if (!infile) {  cout << "Cannot find file"<< endl;  }  else  outtfile<<"The prorated data for USA is as follows"<<endl;  outfile<<endl; outfile<<"YEAR"<<setw(20)<<"OIL"<<setw(20)  <<"NATURALGAS"<<setw(20)<<"COAL"<<  setw(20)<<"ELECTRICITY\n";   for(int i=0; i<10; i++) {  infile>>Year>>USAPop>>USAOil>>USANG>>USACoal>>USAElec;   USAOPT = (USAOil/USAPop)* 1000;USANGPT = (USANG/USAPop) * 1000;  USACPT = (USACoal/USAPop)* 1000;  USAEPT = (USAElec/USAPop)* 1000;  outfile<<Year<<setw(20)<<USAOPT<<setw(20)  <<USANGPT<<setw(20)<<USACPT<<setw(20)<<USAEPT<<endl;  }  infile.close();  outfile.close();

12.  infile.open("c:\\project1\\JAPANinput.txt");  outfile.open("c:\\project1\\JAPANoutput.txt");   if (!infile) {  cout << "Cannot find file"<< endl;  }  else  outfile<<"The prorated data for JAPAN is as follows"<<endl;  outfile<<endl;  outfile<<"Year"<<setw(20)<<"JOPT"<<setw(20)<<"JNGPT"<<setw(20)<<"JCPT"<<setw(20)<<"JEPT\n";   for(int j=0; j >Year>>JPop>>JOil>>JNG>>JCoal>>JElec;   JOPT = (JOil/JPop)* 1000;  JNGPT = (JNG/JPop) * 1000;  JCPT = (JCoal/JPop)* 1000;  JEPT = (JElec/JPop)* 1000;   outfile<<Year<<setw(20)<<JOPT<<setw(20)<<  JNGPT<<setw(20)<<JCPT<<setw(20)<<JEPT<<  endl;  }   infile.close();  outfile.close();   return 0;  }

13.  We used data from the Energy Information Association (EIA) to compare the energy consumption of the US and Japan. In order to find the consumption for every one thousand people, we took the consumption for each source of energy, and multiplied by one thousand. After getting the results, we then divided by the population into 1000, which gave us a level field for comparison. From the data we collected we can identify a trend of how much energy is being used by both nations. The data shows that as the population increased year by year, the consumption of most energy sources increased also.

14.  The US consumption of coal, electricity, and oil has increased since 1996. Natural gas consumption is the only source of energy that has decreased since the mid 90’s. In contrast to the US, Japan’s oil consumption has steadily been decreasing from 1996 to 2005. On the other hand Japan’s usage of coal, natural gas, and electricity has been increasing. With the consumption of energy for every one thousand population, we were able to compare the consumption of energy for both countries by using regression plots.

15.  The regression plots allow us to determine whether a correlation exists between the energy usage of Japan and the US. Overall we were able to conclude that no systematic comparison can be made between the energy usage of Japan and America, while there exist negative relations for oil, natural gas and coal usage between America and Japan per one thousand population and a positive relation for electricity.

16.  The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. Retrieved May 20, 2008..  Energy Information Administration. United States Energy Profile Retrieved May 15, 2008 http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/country/country_time_series.cfm?fips=US  Energy Information Administration. Japan Energy Profile Retrieved http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.cfm?fips=JA  Retrieved May 21, 2008, from http://www.theodora.com/wfb/

17.  Our thanks to Elizabeth City State University’s CSSV Center, the National Association of Mathematicians Inc. (NAM), the Department of Energy (DoE), Dr. J. Houston, Dr. Kulkarni, Dr. Chandler, Dr. Bland, Dr. Alexander, Dr. Lawrence, Dr. Luttamaguzi, Mr. K. Jones, Mr. Lee Hayden, and Ms. Johnson for allowing use to participate in an Undergraduate Research Program.