1. Stretch: a spatially explicit individual based forest simulator Montpellier, France L.Soler, D. Harja Asmara, M. Laurans, C.Madeleine, J.Dauzat, G. Vincent, F. de Coligny

2. Model porting From Sexi-FS (Degi Harja Asmara, Grégoire Vincent) From Sexi-FS (Degi Harja Asmara, Grégoire Vincent) Increase the versatility/genericity of the model Increase the versatility/genericity of the model Modifications of processes Modifications of processes Use functionalities of Capsis Use functionalities of Capsis Transfer Transfer Plasticity is one of the major axis of the laboratory AMAP Plasticity is one of the major axis of the laboratory AMAP Two Phd student work on this subject Two Phd student work on this subject

3. Stretch Spatially explicit Spatially explicit Individual based Individual based Multi species Multi species 3D 3D Crown shape plasticity Crown shape plasticity Light Light Space limitation Space limitation

4. The yearly simulation loop mechanical constraints (BIOMECHANICS) light availability (MMR,SLIM,Liebermann) mortality Regeneration Tree overall dimension change, Crown deformation, phototropism, collision Process Growth Initialisation step Environnement settings Scene initialisation (trees, terrain) Species initialisation (reference tree growth) Legend: Red : additional options to the model with crown Black : model without considering the crown

5. Current volume Growth Reducer New Volume Potential volume Increment New dbh Stem Growth algorithm dbh function : Chapman Richards function dbh function : Chapman Richards function Growth of stem volume : Growth of stem volume : Ln(vol(t)) = u + v*ln(dbh(t))+w*ln(h(t)) Ln(vol(t)) = u + v*ln(dbh(t))+w*ln(h(t)) New height Light

6. Crown growth Depends on the stem growth Depends on the stem growth Virtual vectors of branches Virtual vectors of branches Polygones Polygones

7. Lieberman Calcul of the index of closure of the canopy : G Calcul of the index of closure of the canopy : G G caracterises the light environment G caracterises the light environment Δh i = h i - h hp i = √(d² i +Δh² i ) sinΘ i = Δh i /hp i G = Σ i sinΘ M. Lieberman, D. Lieberman, R. Peralta, G.S. Hartshorn, 1995, « Canopy closure and the distribution of tropical forest tree species at La Selva, Costa rica », Journal of Tropical Ecology, 11:161-178

8. Calcul of Light Growth Reducer The index G by interpolation will determine the Light Growth Reducer (LGR) The index G by interpolation will determine the Light Growth Reducer (LGR) -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 -0.500.511.5 shade tolerant light demanding shade specialist G 1-LGR

9. Mortality algorithm Primary mortality Primary mortality - vigour (survival probability, growth reducer, mortality function) - senescence (dbhMax, volumeMax, heightMax…)

10. Graphic interface

14. To do Alternative algorithm for dbh growth Alternative algorithm for dbh growth Alternative algorithm for height/dbh allometry Alternative algorithm for height/dbh allometry Primary mortality (add biomecanics constraints) Primary mortality (add biomecanics constraints) Secondary mortality Secondary mortality Regeneration Regeneration 3D viewer 3D viewer

15. To do Crown deformation module Crown deformation module - assymetric crown shape deformation - crown grow to reach the light Deformation can be local (radial anisotropy of light and available space) Local deformation is modeled via a set of independent vectors stemming from crown base subtending the crown envelope

16. SLIM and MMR

17. SExI-FS Scene

18. Simple Light Interception Model (SLIM) A computed canopy openness compared to the real location in the forest. This method is similar to hemispherical photographs, which are normally taken at ground level.

19. Shape transformation response of trees in crowded habitats ( S T R e T C H)

20. MMR

21. Ws, Wr Ts, Tr  soil W soil measurementssimulator Micrometeo. Data Set Light partitioning PARNIRTIR Incident radiation BRDF LIDAR TIR Emittance Cartography of soil irradiance, temperature and humidity wind RH air T air E H Turbulent transfers Air profiles E H Remote Sensing RH air T air irradiation temperature transpiration photosynthesis  leaf sap flow MMR: one module in Archimed

22. MIR Incident radiation MUSC Multiple scattering RADBAL Radiation balance Meteo. data light on soil plant Irradia- tion scene rad. balance Meteo. details

24. Basic principle of MIR All objects you can see when back to the sun are sunlit

25. Basic principle of MIR

26. Splitting sky hemisphere with the "TURTLE" model Discretisation of incident radiation

27. The total leaf irradiation is obtained by weighting its partial irradiation from each source Mapping leaf irradiation

29. Échelles de modélisation modèles numériques multi-échelles

30. SExI-FS Scene

31. Mir images

32. MMR

33. 2 2 1 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 The projections of plants are moved modulo the dimensions of the scene Virtual plot duplication

34. Altitude first hit Nb hits in layer 1 LAYERS 0 1 2 3 Nb hitsin layer 2 Nb hits in layer 2 Nb hitsin layer 3 Nb hits in layer 3 Information for each pixel

35. The MUSC model is based on light interception probabilities output by the MIR model MuSc : calcul des "MUltiple SCattering

37. Daily irradiation