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2. Section 1: Simple Invertebrates Section 2: Mollusks and Annelid Worms
Chapter 15
Invertebrates
Section 1: Simple Invertebrates
Section 2: Mollusks and Annelid Worms
Section 3: Arthropods
Section 4: Echinoderms
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3. Simple Invertebrates Bellringer Section 1
Think of all the beautiful or interesting invertebrates that you have heard of, such as jellyfish, butterflies, beetles, earthworms, sea shells, and sea stars. Then describe your favorite invertebrate in your science journal. What special features does your favorite invertebrate have that will help it survive in its environment?
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4. Simple Invertebrates Objectives Section 1
Describe the body plans, nervous systems, and guts of invertebrates.
Explain how sponges get food.
Describe three cnidarian traits.
Describe the three kinds of flatworms.
Describe the body of a roundworm.
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5. Invertebrate Characteristics
Section 1
Simple Invertebrates
Invertebrate Characteristics
Nerves In some invertebrates, many nerve cells come together as ganglia (singular, ganglion). A ganglion is a concentrated mass of nerve cells.
Guts Almost all animals digest food in a gut. A gut is a pouch lined with cells that release chemicals that break down food into small particles.
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6. Simple Invertebrates Sponges Section 1
How Do Sponges Eat? A sponge sweeps water into its body through its pores.
Body Part Abilities Sponges have some unique abilities. If you forced a sponge’s body through a strainer, the separated cells could come back together and reform the same sponge.
Kinds of Sponges Sponges come in many different shapes and sizes. Most sponges have a skeleton made of hard fibers called spicules. Some spicules are straight, some are curved, and others have complex star shapes.
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7. Simple Invertebrates Cnidarians Section 1
Two Body Forms A cnidarian body can have one of two forms— the medusa or the polyp form.
Stinging Cells All cnidarians have tentacles covered with stinging cells. When an organism brushes against the tentacles, it activates hundreds of stinging cells.
Kinds of Cnidarians There are three major classes of cnidarians: hydrozoans, jellyfish, and sea anemones and corals.
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8. Simple Invertebrates Flatworms Section 1
Planarians Planarians live in freshwater lakes and streams or on land in damp places. Most planarians are predators.
Flukes Flukes are parasites. A parasite is an organism that invades and feeds on the body of another living organism that is called a host. Most flukes live and reproduce inside the bodies of other animals.
Tapeworms Tapeworms are similar to flukes. Like flukes, they have a small head with no eyespots or sensory lobes.
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9. Simple Invertebrates Roundworms Section 1
Long, Slim, and Round Roundworms have bodies that are long, slim, and round, like spaghetti. Like other worms, they have bilateral symmetry. Roundworms have a simple nervous system. A ring of ganglia forms a simple brain. Parallel nerve cords connect the two ends of their body.
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10. Mollusks and Annelid Worms
Section 2
Mollusks and Annelid Worms
Bellringer
Unscramble the following words:
gluss
isalns
sdusqi
klomssul
Write a sentence in your science journal using each word. Your sentences should describe where and when you might find each organism.
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11. Mollusks and Annelid Worms
Section 2
Mollusks and Annelid Worms
Objectives
Explain how mollusks eat, control body functions, and circulate blood.
Describe the four body parts that most mollusks have in common.
Describe three annelid worms.
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12. Mollusks and Annelid Worms
Section 2
Mollusks and Annelid Worms
Mollusks
How Do Mollusks Eat? Each kind of mollusk has its own way of eating. Many eat with radulas.
Ganglia and Brains All mollusks have complex ganglia.
Pumping Blood Most mollusks have an open circulatory system. In an open circulatory system.
Mollusks Bodies A snail, a clam, and a squid look quite different from one another.
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13. Mollusks and Annelid Worms
Section 2
Mollusks and Annelid Worms
Annelid Worms
Earthworms Earthworms are the most common annelid worms. Each earthworm has 100 to 175 segments.
Marine Worms Marine worms are covered in bristles and come in many colors.
Leeches Leeches are known as parasites that suck other animals’ blood. This is true of some leeches. But other leeches are not parasites.
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14. Arthropods Bellringer Section 3
Imagine that you are like a caterpillar and can undergo metamorphosis. What would you look like when you emerged from your cocoon? What kinds of food will you eat and how will you find it? How will your new traits help you find food and shelter?
Write your responses in your science journal.
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15. Arthropods Objectives Section 3
List the four main characteristics of arthropods.
Describe the different body parts of the four kinds of arthropods.
Describe the two types of metamorphosis in insects.
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16. Characteristics of Arthropods
Section 3
Arthropods
Characteristics of Arthropods
Segmented and Specialized Like annelid worms, arthropods are segmented.
Jointed Limbs Jointed limbs are legs or other body parts that bend at the joints.
An External Skeleton The hard, external structure that covers the outside of the body is an exoskeleton.
Sensing Surroundings Arthropods that have compound eyes can see images. A compound eye is an eye that is made of many identical, light-sensitive units.
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17. Arthropods Kinds of Arthropods Section 3
Centipedes and Millipedes Centipedes and millipedes have one pair of antennae, a hard head, and one pair of mandibles.
Crustaceans Shrimps, barnacles, crabs, and lobsters are crustaceans.
Arachnids Spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks are arachnids.
Insects Insects make up the largest group of arthropods. If you put all the insects in the world together, they would weigh more than all the other animals combined!
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18. Arthropods The World of Insects Section 3
Insect Bodies An insect’s body has three parts: the head,
the thorax, and the abdomen.
Complete Metamorphosis As an insect develops, it changes form. This process is illustrated on the next slide.
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19. Stages of Complete Metamorphosis
Section 3
Stages of Complete Metamorphosis
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20. The World of Insects, continued
Section 3
Arthropods
The World of Insects, continued
Incomplete Metamorphosis Grasshoppers and cockroaches are some of the insects that go through incomplete metamorphosis. This process is illustrated on the next slide.
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21. Stages of Incomplete Metamorphosis
Section 3
Stages of Incomplete Metamorphosis
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22. Echinoderms Bellringer Section 4
Echinoderms include marine animals such as sea stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers. All these organisms are slow moving animals that live on the ocean floor. How do you think they protect themselves from predators?
Write your response in your science journal.
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23. Echinoderms Objectives Section 4
Describe the endoskeleton, nervous system, and water vascular system of echinoderms.
Explain how an echinoderm’s body symmetry changes with age.
Describe five classes of echinoderms.
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24. Echinoderms Spiny Skinned Bilateral and Radial? Section 4
Endoskeleton The name echinoderm means “ spiny skinned.” An echinoderm’s internal skeleton is called an endoskeleton.
Bilateral and Radial?
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Adults vs.. Larvae Adult echinoderms have radial symmetry. But they develop from larvae that have bilateral symmetry.
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25. Echinoderms The Nervous System Water Vascular System Section 4
Endoskeleton All echinoderms have a simple nervous system similar to that of a jellyfish. Around the mouth is a circle of nerve fibers called the nerve ring.
Water Vascular System
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Fluid-Filled Canals The water vascular system is a system of canals filled with fluid. A water vascular system is illustrated on the next slide.
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26. A Water Vascular System
Section 4
A Water Vascular System
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27. Echinoderms Kinds of Echinoderms Section 4
Brittle Stars and Basket Stars Brittle stars and basket stars look like sea stars. But these echinoderms have long, slim arms and are often smaller than sea stars.
Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars Sea urchins and sand dollars are round. Their endoskeletons form a solid, shell-like structure.
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28. Kinds of Echinoderms continued
Section 4
Echinoderms
Kinds of Echinoderms continued
Sea Lilies and Feather Stars Sea lilies and feather stars have 5 to 200 feathery arms.
Sea Cucumbers Like sea urchins and sand dollars, sea cucumbers have no arms. A sea cucumber has a soft, leathery body.
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29. Invertebrates Concept Map Chapter 15
Use the following terms to complete the concept map on the next slide: cnidarians, symmetry, invertebrates, mollusks, annelid worms, snails, bilateral, sponges, coral, asymmetry.
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30. Chapter 15
Concept Map
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31. Chapter 15
Concept Map
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