1. Preventing Water Leakage through Construction Joints in RCC Water Contact Structures

2. PREFORMED COMPRESSIBLE WATERSTOPS

4. Overhead Water Tank Sources of Water Leakage
Construction Joints

5. Sump Tank, Swimming Pool, Sewage Treatment Plants………
Sump Tank, Swimming Pool, Sewage Treatment Plants……….. Sources of Water Leakage
Horizontal Construction Joint
Inclined Construction Joint
Construction Joints
Construction Joints

6. Vertical Construction Joint in Final Roof Slabs which cannot be cast in one go Water may Leak through the joint shown by dotted line
Construction Joint

7. Vertical Construction joint in Basement Sources of Water Leakage

8. Basement Construction Joints Sources of Water Leakage Wall Floor Joint and all around columns

9. Construction Joints are present in…..
Overhead Water Tanks
Swimming Pools
Basements
Underground Reservoirs
Water Treatment Plants
Sewage Treatment Plants

10. Typical Construction Joint for Basement
Vertically Held Vibrator unable to consolidate concrete here hence Construction Joint gap
Water enters here

11. The Nagging Problem
Leakage of water through the improperly executed Construction Joint

12. Swimming Pool Leakage from bottom joint This is a movie file
Swimming Pool Leakage from bottom joint This is a movie file. Please wait a few seconds. It will play automatically.

13. Basement Leakage Please observe leakage around column base when ground water table rises This is a movie file. Please wait a few seconds. It will play automatically.

14. Stopping Water Leaks
Engineers have tried various methods to solve this problem
- during Concreting
- after Concreting

15. Painting with Epoxy Painting with epoxy bonding agent
Question: How can a gap get filled with a coat of epoxy ?
Debonding is not the problem, existence of a gap is the problem
Hence Unsuccessful method

16. PVC Waterbar sketch

17. The next slide is a 20 second movie slide
The next slide is a 20 second movie slide. Kindly wait a few seconds for it to start playing.
Please go to the next slide only after concrete pours onto the PVC water bar.
It shows problems that a PVC waterbar can create and after that, contrasts it with a preformed waterstop. Thank you.

18. PVC Waterbar

19. PVC Waterbar Problems 1
Half of it has to be inserted during concreting
Generally difficult to insert due to obstruction by rebar
Folds over during next lift of concreting and forms a tunnel in which water can leak
Never bonds with concrete

20. PVC Waterbar Problems 2
End to end should be spliced with PVC Welding equipment which is generally not available at site
Different sizes of strips have to be maintained to resist different heads of water. Chances of mix-up are very high

21. After Concreting Grouting into Construction Joints
Generally unsuccessful
Expensive, tedious, time consuming

22. The Right Approach
SYNKOFLEX
Compressible
Flexible
Waterstop

23. SYNKOFLEX Compressible Flexible Waterstop

24. SYNKOFLEX Compressible Waterstop

25. Waterstop Application

26. A Simple Solution This is a movie file. Please wait a few seconds
A Simple Solution This is a movie file. Please wait a few seconds. It will play automatically.

27. The next slide is a 15 second movie slide
The next slide is a 15 second movie slide. Kindly wait a few seconds for it to start playing.
Please note how concrete flows all around the Synkoflex and seals the joint with Synkoflex acting like a gasket. Such a compressed seal will never fail.

28. Laying Synkoflex cross sectional view

31. How to use - 1

32. How to use – 2

33. How to use - 3

34. Application of SYNKOFLEX Waterstop in Basement Construction Joints a) Wrap Synkoflex around column base. b) Also stick to wall along the perimeter of basement
FOOTINGS
RAFT SLAB
RETAINING WALL

35. Application of SYNKOFLEX Waterstop in Final Roof Joint After first phase of concrete pour, stick Synkoflex as shown and then continue with the second pour to get a 100 percent leak free joint
WATERSTOP

36. Vertical joints – Nail the Synkoflex This is a movie file
Vertical joints – Nail the Synkoflex This is a movie file. Please wait a few seconds. It will play automatically.

37. Pipe Joints This is a movie file. Please wait a few seconds
Pipe Joints This is a movie file. Please wait a few seconds. It will play automatically.

38. Laying Synkoflex in basement joints This is a movie file
Laying Synkoflex in basement joints This is a movie file. Please wait a few seconds. It will play automatically.

39. Synkoflex Single component, self sealing compound
Packed between two self release wrappers
Bonds to cured concrete
Fuses with fresh concrete during hydration

40. Properties of Synkoflex - 1
Environmentally Safe
Can be used for drinking water tanks
Does not depend on chemical action, swelling, oxidizing for its action
Flexibility of Synkoflex is forever

41. Properties of Synkoflex - 2
Never shrinks, cracks or dries out
Inert to acids, alkalies and sewage
Can be stored indefinitely
Can be laid using unskilled labour
Need not be laid when concrete is green

42. Effectiveness
Designed to resist water head of 20 mtrs (65 feet) of water when placed in properly designed and compacted M 20 grade concrete
Tests have confirmed that Synkoflex is effective upto 32 mtrs (105 ft)
TRFI test confirms unequivocally for 20 mtrs water head

43. Effectiveness
In extreme cases, can be used even under standing water

45. Used since 1968 in Tunnels Potable Water reservoirs
Sewage Treatment Plants
Fish Hatcheries
Waste Water Treatment Plants
Swimming Pools
Water Tanks

46. Where else to use Joint between Old roof and new roof
Joint between Column and Floor when new floor is being cast
Basement Floor (Raft Slab) Horizontal Joint
Basement Wall Vertical Joint

47. Where else to use Topmost roof cast in two pours
Any joint between Old Concrete and new concrete provided thickness of concrete member is more than 150 mm
Pipe intrusions in Basement Retaining Walls

48. Where not to use Expansion joints
Tanks which store petroleum based liquids

49. Case Study – Reservoirs
200 reservoirs built by Govt. of Karnataka
No construction joint is leaking

50. Case Study – Old,New RCC Landmark building in Karnataka
Was required to abut new roof to old roof
About 150 mtrs of Synkoflex used
No leakage anywhere

51. Case Study – Swimming Pool
Swimming Pool built on fifth floor roof by leading developer in Bangalore
No leakage through construction joint

52. Case Study - Basement Leading Jeweller in Chennai Double basement
Synkoflex used in joints
Basement is bone dry

53. Synkoflex Packing Cross section 20 mm x 20 mm
1 mtr strips x 25 nos per box

54. The Low Cost of Success
For a Water treatment plant measuring 8 mtr x 32 mtr x ht 6 mtr volume about 1.5 million ltrs of water
Joint length assumed as about 200 mtrs depending on concreting scheme
Cost of water tight joints is about Rs. 70,000 which is a negligible cost of the total project cost (Rs. 50 lakhs) 1.4 %

55. TESTS Successfully tested by CFTRI, Mysore for potable water safety
Successfully tested by TRFI for resisting water head of 20 mtrs

56. Conclusion
Compressible Waterstop enables a 100 percent watertight seal
SYNKOFLEX Waterstop is a permanent solution to stop leakage through construction joints

57. THANK YOU