1. Basic Fire Attack Dallas Fire Rescue Explorers

2. Basic Fire Attack Overview of Fire Attack Overview of Fire Attack Rescue Activities Rescue Activities Exposure Protection Exposure Protection Fire Confinement Fire Confinement Fire Extinguishment Fire Extinguishment Overhaul Overhaul Ventilation Ventilation Property Conservation Property Conservation Coordinated Fire Attack Coordinated Fire Attack

3. Rescue Immediate rescue attempted only in extreme cases Immediate rescue attempted only in extreme cases Aid rescue by placing protective streams between victims and fire Aid rescue by placing protective streams between victims and fire Water is essential to search & rescue operations Water is essential to search & rescue operations Primary function during rescue is to contain fire and keep it from spreading Primary function during rescue is to contain fire and keep it from spreading

4. Water Essential to Rescue Separate fire from people closest to it Separate fire from people closest to it Control interior stairways and corridors for evacuating occupants and advancing firefighters Control interior stairways and corridors for evacuating occupants and advancing firefighters Protect firefighters searching above and around the fire Protect firefighters searching above and around the fire

5. Exposure Protection Convection Convection Radiation Radiation Conduction Conduction

6. Convection Travel of heat through motion of heated matter Travel of heat through motion of heated matter

7. Convection Smoke Smoke Hot air Hot air Heated gases Heated gases Flying embers Flying embers

8. Convection Presents greatest fire fighting problem Presents greatest fire fighting problem Smoke moves vertically and horizontally- mushrooming Smoke moves vertically and horizontally- mushrooming A separate fire may ignite from hot air and combustion products rising A separate fire may ignite from hot air and combustion products rising

9. Radiation Travel of heat through space (electromagnetic waves) Travel of heat through space (electromagnetic waves)

10. Radiation Unaffected by wind Unaffected by wind Radiated evenly in all directions Radiated evenly in all directions Will pass through water; stream must be directed on surface Will pass through water; stream must be directed on surface Travel blocked by solid surfaces Travel blocked by solid surfaces Can pass through glass Can pass through glass

11. Conduction Travel of heat through a solid body Travel of heat through a solid body

12. Conduction Through walls and floors by way of pipes, metal girders and joists. Through walls and floors by way of pipes, metal girders and joists. May cause steel building and roof supports to collapse. May cause steel building and roof supports to collapse.

13. Exposure Protection Second only to rescue on list of basic objectives Second only to rescue on list of basic objectives Structures near fire building (exterior exposures) and parts of fire building not involved (interior exposures) Structures near fire building (exterior exposures) and parts of fire building not involved (interior exposures)

14. Exposure Protection Exposure Coverage Exposure Coverage Interior Exposures Interior Exposures Exterior Exposures Exterior Exposures

15. Exposure Coverage Structure or materials closest to fire covered first Structure or materials closest to fire covered first When exposures are fairly close, most vulnerable areas just above fire When exposures are fairly close, most vulnerable areas just above fire

16. Interior Exposures Fire in concealed spaces, especially in walls, ceilings and floors Fire in concealed spaces, especially in walls, ceilings and floors Vertical fire spread Vertical fire spread Horizontal fire spread Horizontal fire spread Open interior spread Open interior spread

17. Exterior Exposures Spacing between fire and exposure Spacing between fire and exposure Building construction and materials Building construction and materials Intensity and size of fire Intensity and size of fire Location of fire Location of fire

18. Fire Confinement Activities Determine Fuel Load Determine Fuel Load Establish Water Supply Establish Water Supply Select Adequate Hose Lines Select Adequate Hose Lines Basement Fires Basement Fires

19. Determine Fuel Load Consists of interior surfaces, furnishings and contents for interior fires Consists of interior surfaces, furnishings and contents for interior fires Exterior surfaces when fire has extended Exterior surfaces when fire has extended Factors affecting fuel load Factors affecting fuel load Type of fuel involved Type of fuel involved Quantity of fuel Quantity of fuel Arrangement of fuel Arrangement of fuel

20. Establish Water Supply Hose lays can be accomplished with either single or multiple lines, dependent upon Hose lays can be accomplished with either single or multiple lines, dependent upon A. flow requirements A. flow requirements B. length of lay B. length of lay C. size of hose C. size of hose

21. Select Adequate Hose Line Consider limitations of various size hoses Consider limitations of various size hoses

22. Basement Fires Use all openings for attack Use all openings for attack Requires full ventilation of basement and first floor Requires full ventilation of basement and first floor Stairways and other openings major channels for vertical spread Stairways and other openings major channels for vertical spread Know escape routes Know escape routes Communications Communications

23. Fire Extinguishment Activities Effective Stream Operation Effective Stream Operation Back-Up Lines Back-Up Lines Advancing Lines Advancing Lines Choosing Right Line Choosing Right Line More than One Line More than One Line

24. Effective Stream Operation Stay Low Stay Low Position on same side of door Position on same side of door Bleed line prior to entering Bleed line prior to entering Hit ceiling first if fire is rolling Hit ceiling first if fire is rolling Sweep floor to cool contents Sweep floor to cool contents Only open when fire is seen Only open when fire is seen Direct at base if localized Direct at base if localized

25. Effective Stream Operations Lower stream as advance is made to hit main body of fire Lower stream as advance is made to hit main body of fire Shut down when main fire is knocked down Shut down when main fire is knocked down If is area is very hot and no fire found, consider fire below you If is area is very hot and no fire found, consider fire below you Attacking basements should be done with straight stream Attacking basements should be done with straight stream

26. Effective Stream Operations Fog should be restricted to unoccupied confined spaces Fog should be restricted to unoccupied confined spaces If building is ventilated, fog stream may be used; no more than 30 degree angle If building is ventilated, fog stream may be used; no more than 30 degree angle Large intense fire can be knocked down with larger lines then make interior attack Large intense fire can be knocked down with larger lines then make interior attack

27. Back-Up Lines Used when initial lines cannot quickly control a fire Used when initial lines cannot quickly control a fire Held in readiness for use in place of attack lines Held in readiness for use in place of attack lines Stretched when not obvious initial attack put out fire Stretched when not obvious initial attack put out fire Taken into building immediately after initial attack lines Taken into building immediately after initial attack lines

28. Back-Up Lines Position close to initial attack line Position close to initial attack line Have charged and ready to use Have charged and ready to use May be used by RIT operations if needed. May be used by RIT operations if needed. Back-up with same size line of initial attack or larger Back-up with same size line of initial attack or larger Ideally from different pump Ideally from different pump

29. Overhaul Activities Examine Fire Scene Examine Fire Scene What to Look For What to Look For Where to Look Where to Look

30. Examine Scene Make certain no trace of fire remains; hot spots Make certain no trace of fire remains; hot spots Leave structure in as safe a condition as possible Leave structure in as safe a condition as possible Pre-inspection to make sure overhaul is safe to do Pre-inspection to make sure overhaul is safe to do Personnel protective gear as needed and determined by command Personnel protective gear as needed and determined by command Safe air Safe air

31. What To Look For Flames Flames Smoke Smoke Heat (Thermal Imaging Camera) Heat (Thermal Imaging Camera) Strong odors Strong odors Charring Charring Holes in floors Holes in floors Unstable building systems Unstable building systems

32. Where To Look Walls and ceilings Walls and ceilings Areas above fire Areas above fire Shafts Shafts Cabinets and compartments Cabinets and compartments Window and door facings Window and door facings Soffits Soffits Balloon Frame Construction Balloon Frame Construction

33. Ventilation Defined The process of making openings in building or exposure to allow heat and products of combustion to leave the building The process of making openings in building or exposure to allow heat and products of combustion to leave the building

34. Purpose of Ventilation Reduces danger to trapped victims and extends time for rescue Reduces danger to trapped victims and extends time for rescue Increases visibility Increases visibility Permits quicker entry and advancement Permits quicker entry and advancement Minimizes time it takes to find seat of fire Minimizes time it takes to find seat of fire Minimizes time it takes to find fire spread Minimizes time it takes to find fire spread Decreases or stops fire spread Decreases or stops fire spread Reduces chance of flashover or backdraft Reduces chance of flashover or backdraft

35. Results of Ventilation Depend on size and type of occupancy involved Depend on size and type of occupancy involved Depends on extent and location of fire Depends on extent and location of fire Weather conditions Weather conditions

36. Result of Ventilation Increases effectiveness of all operations Increases effectiveness of all operations Aids in saving lives Aids in saving lives Openings allow heat and combustion products to exit by natural convection Openings allow heat and combustion products to exit by natural convection Windows can be opened; not automatically broken Windows can be opened; not automatically broken PPV fans and smoke ejectors PPV fans and smoke ejectors Hydraulic ventilation Hydraulic ventilation

37. Coordinated Fire Attack Staffing single most important part of engine company Staffing single most important part of engine company Failure to consider safety could be negligent on part of leadership of department Failure to consider safety could be negligent on part of leadership of department

38. Coordinated Fire Attack At least two (2) firefighters enter IDLH atmosphere and remain in visual or voice contact at all times At least two (2) firefighters enter IDLH atmosphere and remain in visual or voice contact at all times At least two (2) firefighters are located outside the IDLH atmosphere for rescue At least two (2) firefighters are located outside the IDLH atmosphere for rescue Lack of additional personnel is not meant to preclude firefighters from performing emergency rescue activities before an entire team has assembles Lack of additional personnel is not meant to preclude firefighters from performing emergency rescue activities before an entire team has assembles

39. Coordinated Fire Attack Size-Up Size-Up The sequence of thoughts and mental activity carried out by the individual in charge The sequence of thoughts and mental activity carried out by the individual in charge

40. Size-Up Begins upon receipt of alarm Begins upon receipt of alarm May be carried out many times and by different individuals during the alarm May be carried out many times and by different individuals during the alarm Responsibility initially lies with officer in charge of first arriving unit Responsibility initially lies with officer in charge of first arriving unit As higher ranking officers arrive, command can be passed As higher ranking officers arrive, command can be passed

41. Size-Up Properly done will result in safe, timely, and efficient control of an emergency situation Properly done will result in safe, timely, and efficient control of an emergency situation Care to be exercised to insure the total problem is evaluated Care to be exercised to insure the total problem is evaluated Must be dynamic, continuing throughout all phases of the operation Must be dynamic, continuing throughout all phases of the operation

42. Size-Up for Rescue Officer of first arriving unit must first consider the rescue problem and determine if such conditions exist Officer of first arriving unit must first consider the rescue problem and determine if such conditions exist Risk/Benefit Risk/Benefit

43. Size-Up for Rescue Problems found for rescue, all activities undertaken should be directed towards relieving the rescue problems Problems found for rescue, all activities undertaken should be directed towards relieving the rescue problems All resources and activities should be directed towards fixing rescue problem All resources and activities should be directed towards fixing rescue problem Nothing done by way of an attack effort should interfere with or restrict rescue efforts Nothing done by way of an attack effort should interfere with or restrict rescue efforts Allocation for tools & equipment should favor those involved in the rescue effort Allocation for tools & equipment should favor those involved in the rescue effort

44. Size-Up for Rescue Ventilation, point of entry and the placement of hose lines should be aimed toward protecting those in immediate danger and the crews involved in rescue efforts Ventilation, point of entry and the placement of hose lines should be aimed toward protecting those in immediate danger and the crews involved in rescue efforts Possible that hose lines will be used to support rescue with no attempt to extinguish or even confine the fire Possible that hose lines will be used to support rescue with no attempt to extinguish or even confine the fire

45. Size-Up for Rescue Time is critical, each minute of continued exposure of victim reduces chances for safe rescue Time is critical, each minute of continued exposure of victim reduces chances for safe rescue Life safety is first and primary consideration in all fireground activities Life safety is first and primary consideration in all fireground activities

46. Size-Up for Confinement First concern must be for adjacent exposures to which fire can spread First concern must be for adjacent exposures to which fire can spread Attack must be toward cutting off route of fire to uninvolved structures or exposures Attack must be toward cutting off route of fire to uninvolved structures or exposures Attacking only main body of fire with no thought to exposures could result in larger fire Attacking only main body of fire with no thought to exposures could result in larger fire

47. Size-Up for Confinement First extension is normally vertical First extension is normally vertical Unable to spread vertically with result in horizontally or crawling Unable to spread vertically with result in horizontally or crawling If both vertical and horizontal spread are prohibited, fire will spread down If both vertical and horizontal spread are prohibited, fire will spread down Working knowledge of building construction features will assist in preventing spread of fire Working knowledge of building construction features will assist in preventing spread of fire

48. Size-Up for Confinement Fire will continue to burn unchecked unless: Fire will continue to burn unchecked unless: 1. All fuel is consumed (we lost it) 1. All fuel is consumed (we lost it) 2. Oxygen supply is depleted 2. Oxygen supply is depleted 3. Rate of heat release is reduced to a 3. Rate of heat release is reduced to a point where the process is no longer point where the process is no longer sustained sustained

49. Size-Up for Extinguishment Nature of fuel involved Nature of fuel involved Quantity of fuel involved Quantity of fuel involved Physical arrangement of fuel involved Physical arrangement of fuel involved Accessibility Accessibility Rural or City Water Rural or City Water Personnel Personnel Capabilities Capabilities

50. Fuels Involved Flammable liquids Flammable liquids Combustible liquids Combustible liquids Polycarbonate solids Polycarbonate solids Ordinary combustibles Ordinary combustibles Special hazards Special hazards

51. Accessibility Apparatus Apparatus Size of building Size of building Type of construction Type of construction Security Feature Security Feature Time of Day Time of Day