1. Histology Unit 2 Seminar Plan for tonight Unit 3: Histology Project Topic Selection Unit 2 Self-Assessment: Selected Questions (8) Marfan Syndrome Osteogenesis Imperfecta

2. Unit 3 HISTOLOGY PROJECT PART 1: Topic, Outline and References Topic Proposal: The topic should be on any of the systems covered in part 1 of this course (Histology) and be either a tissue or organ. This outline must be uploaded to dropbox by the end of Unit 3. For the tissue or organ that you selected, you should: Describe the histological characteristics of the tissue or organ. Correlate the structural characteristics of the tissue with their function. Discuss the importance of histological characteristics of the tissue or organ to the body function as a whole. References: The document should also include the references that you used (at least 3 other than your book). For information on APA reference style please go to the Kaplan Writing Center.

3. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question1 Classify the following epithelial tissue marked with the arrows in the image below are: Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium

4. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question1 Classify the following epithelial tissue marked with the arrows in the image below are: Layer of flattened cells. Basement membrane What types of tissues are lined with this type of epithelium? Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium

5. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question1 Classify the following epithelial tissue marked with the arrows in the image below are: Layer of flattened cells. Basement membrane What types of tissues are lined with this type of epithelium? Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium Tissues that need broad membranes for molecular diffusion and filtration. Kidney Bowman’s Capsules and Glomeruli. Lung Alveoli

6. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question 2 Classify the following epithelial tissue marked with the arrows in the image below are: Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium

7. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question 2 Classify the following epithelial tissue marked with the arrows in the image below are: Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium What types of tissues are lined with this type of epithelium? Basement membrane Layer of cells as tall as they are wide.

8. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question 2 Classify the following epithelial tissue marked with the arrows in the image below are: Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium What types of tissues are lined with this type of epithelium? Basement membrane Layer of cells as tall as they are wide. Protection, water-electrolyte balance (requiring active transport). Covering of ovaries Kidney Collection Tubules

9. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question 3 Classify the following epithelial tissue marked with the arrows in the image below are: Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium

10. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question 3 Classify the following epithelial tissue marked with the arrows in the image below are: Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium Basement membrane Single layer of cells attached to basement membrane. Uneven location of nuclei makes cells appear to be stratified. What types of tissues are lined with this type of epithelium?

11. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question 3 Classify the following epithelial tissue marked with the arrows in the image below are: Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium Basement membrane Single layer of cells attached to basement membrane. Uneven location of nuclei makes cells appear to be stratified. What types of tissues are lined with this type of epithelium? Secretion and absorption Lining of trachea and upper respiratory tract.

12. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question 4 Classify the following epithelial tissue marked with the arrows in the image below are: Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium

13. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question 4 Classify the following epithelial tissue marked with the arrows in the image below are: Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium What types of tissues are lined with this type of epithelium? Basement membrane Multiple cell layers with cells furthest from the basement membrane becoming squamous.

14. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question 4 Classify the following epithelial tissue marked with the arrows in the image below are: Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium What types of tissues are lined with this type of epithelium? Protection: Lining of esophagus (non-keratinized) Protection and dehydration prevention: Skin (keratinized) Basement membrane Multiple cell layers with cells furthest from the basement membrane becoming squamous.

15. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question 5 This muscle type has nuclei located at the periphery of the cell. Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle None of the above

16. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question 5 This muscle type has nuclei located at the periphery of the cell. Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle None of the above Hints! Muscle Fiber Nuclei

17. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question 6 This muscle type is the least able to regenerate in adulthood. Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle None of the above

18. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question 6 This muscle type is the least able to regenerate in adulthood. Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle None of the above This one you either know it or you don’t.

19. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question 7 Epithelial tissue consists of: Aggregated polyhedral cells Elongated contractile cells Fixed and wandering cells Neurons with elongated processes Glial cells with elongated processes

20. UNIT 2: Self-Assessment Question 7 Epithelial tissue consists of: Aggregated polyhedral cells Elongated contractile cells Muscle cells Fixed and wandering cells Cells of the immune system Neurons with elongated processes Nerve cells Glial cells with elongated processes Support cells for nerves

21. UNIT 2: Marfan Syndrome About Marfan Syndrome Marfan syndrome is a disorder of the connective tissue. Connective tissue holds all parts of the body together and helps control how the body grows. Because connective tissue is found throughout the body, Marfan syndrome features can occur in many different parts of the body. Marfan syndrome features are most often found in the heart, blood vessels, bones, joints, and eyes. Sometimes the lungs and skin are also affected. Marfan syndrome does not affect intelligence. About 1 in 5,000 people have Marfan syndrome. This includes men and women of all races and ethnic groups. Reference National Marfan Foundation (2011). Retrieved online from http://www.marfan.org/marfan/2280/About- Marfan-Syndromehttp://www.marfan.org/marfan/2280/About- Marfan-Syndrome

22. UNIT 2: Marfan Syndrome What body systems are affected? Heart and Blood Vessels (Cardiovascular) * Enlarged or bulging aorta, the main blood vessel that carries blood from the heart (aortic dilation or aneurysm) * Separation of the layers of the aorta that can cause it to tear (aortic dissection) * “Floppy” mitral valve (mitral valve prolapse – MVP) Bones and Joints (Skeletal system) * Long arms and legs * Tall and thin body type * Curvature of the spine (scoliosis or kyphosis) * Chest sinks in (pectus excavatum) or sticks out/pigeon breast (pectus carinatum) * Long, thin fingers * Flexible joints * Flat feet * Teeth that are too crowded Eyes (Ocular system) * Severe nearsightedness (myopia) * Dislocated lens of the eye * Detached retina * Early glaucoma * Early cataracts Other Body Systems * Stretch marks on the skin, not explained by pregnancy or weight gain * Sudden collapse of the lung (spontaneous pneumothorax) * Swelling of the sac around the spinal column (dural ectasia). This is found with CT or MRI scans of the back Reference National Marfan Foundation (2011). Retrieved online from http://www.marfan.org/marfan/2320/Featureshttp://www.marfan.org/marfan/2320/Features

23. UNIT 2: Marfan Syndrome Normal Medial Aortic WallMarfan Medial Aortic Wall Fibrosis (Collagen) Layer Spongiosa (Loose Connective Tissue) Layer Ventricularis (Elastin) Layer Ventricularis (Elastin) Layer

24. UNIT 2: Osteogenesis imperfecta Brittle Bone Disease Cause Defect in gene that produces Type I Collagen. Symptoms All people with OI have weak bones, which makes them susceptible to fractures. Persons with OI are usually below average height ( short stature). However, the severity of the disease varies greatly. The classic symptoms include: * Blue tint to the whites of their eyes (blue sclera)* Loose joints * Multiple bone fractures* Flat feet * Early hearing loss (deafness)* Poor teeth Symptoms of more severe forms of OI may include: * Bowed legs and arms * Kyphosis (excess curvature of spine) * Scoliosis (S-curve (sideways curve) of spine)