1. The Kidneys Major Topics for Discussion Review of anatomy and physiology Congenital anomalies Glomerular diseases Vascular diseases Kidney stones Neoplasia

2. Glomerulus

3. PAS Stain of Normal Glomerulus - Capillary Loops within Bowman’s Capsule

4. Normal Glomerulus (Renal Filter Unit)

5. Congenital Anomalies Horseshoe Kidney Cystic Renal Dysplasia Polycystic Kidney Disease

6. Horseshoe Kidney

7. Cystic Renal Dysplasia

8. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

9. Glomerular Diseases Nephrotic Syndrome (proteinuria, lipidemia, edema) Nephritic Syndrome (hematuria, oliguria, hypertension)

10. Electron Micrograph of the Glomerular Filter - from Capillary Lumen, across the Basement Membrane to the Urinary Space

11. Pathogenesis of Nephrotic Syndrome

12. “Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome”

13. Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Glomerulopathy (Glomerulonephritis) Anti-GBM antibody Immune complex Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody

14. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

15. Silver Stain…. HIV-Associated Nephropathy

16. Pathogenesis of Membranous Glomerulopathy ( immune complex disease)

17. Immunofluorescence Demonstration of Immune Complex Proteins Deposited in the Glomerular Basement Membrane

18. Pathogenesis of Diabetic Glomerulopathy

19. PAS Stain…. Diabetic Glomerulopathy

20. Pathogenesis of Amyloid Nephropathy

22. Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis

23. Post-Strep Nephritis (Immune Complexes)

24. Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody Disease

25. Crescentic Anti-GBM Glomerulonephritis

26. Pathogenesis of Crescentic (Rapidly Progressive) Glomerulonephritis

27. Vascular Diseases Hypertensive (Benign) Nephrosclerosis Embolism & Infarction Shock & Renal Cortical Necrosis Acute Tubular Necrosis

28. Benign Nephrosclerosis (Hypertension)

30. Renal Infarct (Embolism)

31. Renal Cortical Necrosis (Shock)

32. Pathogenesis of Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) Obstruction  Acute Renal Failure

33. Pathogenesis of Pyelonephritis

34. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic Pyelonephritis

35. Acute Pyelonephritis Neutrophils are present in the collecting tubules and interstitial tissue.

36. Chronic Pyelonephritis

37. Bisected Kidney Shows Papillary Necrosis

38. Renal Stones and Urinary Tract Obstruction

39. Staghorn Calculi Calcium Infection Uric acid Nephrolithiasis

40. Hydronephrosis Complication of Urinary Tract Obstruction

41. Neoplasia Wilms Tumor (most common abdominal solid tumor in children) Renal Cell Carcinoma (most common kidney cancer - 90%)

42. Wilms Tumor

43. Renal Cell Carcinoma

44. Path Key Words Acute glomerulonephritis Acute renal failure Acute tubular necrosis Adult polycystic kidney disease Cystic renal dysplasia Hematuria Hydronephrosis Minimal change nephrotic syndrome Nephrotic syndrome Oliguria Pyelonephritis Renal cell carcinoma Urolithiasis Wilms tumor