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Classification of Tissues

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Presentation on theme: "Classification of Tissues"— Presentation transcript:

1 Classification of Tissues
Chapter 6 Classification of Tissues

2 Tissues and tissue types
Tissues are: Group of cells similar in structure an function Tissues are organized into organs Histology = study of tissues The four tissue types are: Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous

3 Functions of epithelium
Physical protection Secretion Sensory perception Absorption Filtration Excretion

4 Epithelial tissue Includes glands and epithelium Glands are secretory
Avascular Polarity Regeneration Cellularity Supported by connective tissue Attached to a basement membrane

5 Basement Membrane Amorphous substance. Divided in 2 layers:
Lamina lucida (basal) Secreted by the epithelium Lamina densa (reticular) Secreted by the connective tissue

6

7 Specializations of epithelium
Ciliated Microvilli Stereocilia Flagella

8 Classification of epithelia
Number of cell layers Simple Stratified Shape of apical surface cells Squamous Cuboidal Columnar

9

10

11 STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS WITH KERATIN

12 Cuboidal Epithelia

13 SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPT.

14 Cuboidal Epithelia Figure 4.4b

15 Transitional Epithelium
Figure 4.4c

16 TRANSITIONAL EPT.

17 Columnar Epithelia Figure 4.5a

18 SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPT.

19 Columnar Epithelia Figure 4.5b

20

21 Columnar Epithelia Figure 4.5c

22 Glandular epithelia Epithelium that secrete substances Exocrine glands
Secrete through ducts onto the surface of the gland Endocrine glands Release hormones into surrounding fluid. Ductless glands.

23 GOBLET CELLS

24 Part 2

25 Connective Tissues

26 Connective tissue functions and classification:
Protects Supports Bind tissues together Classification: Embryonic Mesenchime Loose connective tissue, mucous Adult

27 A Classification of Adult Connective Tissues

28 Connective tissues characteristics
No free surface Vascular Scanty in tendons Except cartilage Supports the body Maintain body form

29 Components of the connective tissue
1)Extracellular matrix Ground substance Amorphous Binds cells to fibers Colorless Homogeneous Liquid, semisolid, gel-like, or hard

30 Matrix Fibers Collagen (white) Most abundant
Brings flexibility and strength to the tissue Thicker one Elastic (yellow) Brings elasticity to the tissues Can stretch and recoil

31 Fibers Reticular Thinnest one
Found in smooth muscle and framework of the organs Brings flexibility to organs that need changes in volume

32 RETICULAR TISSUE

33 DENSE IRREGULAR WITH COLLAGEN, ELASTIC AND RETICULAR FIBERS

34 Components of the connective tissue
2) Cells Fibroblast most abundant Synthesis of fibers and ground substance Macrophage Phagocytic capacity

35 Components of the connective tissue
Adipocytes Closely packed Signet ring cell Nucleus eccentric and flat Mesenchymal cells Mast cells Releases histamin Responsible for allergic reactions Lymphocytes, etc

36 The Cells and Fibers of Connective Tissue Proper

37 Connective tissue proper
Classified as loose or dense Loose Areolar tissue Adipose tissue Reticular tissue Rich blood supply

38 Connective tissue proper
Dense Dense regular Dense irregular Elastic Poor blood supply

39 Connective Tissue in Embryos

40 AREOLAR TISSUE

41

42 ADIPOSE AND DENSE IRREGULAR TISSUES
BLOOD VESSELS SHOWING SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPT.

43 RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

44 Dense Connective Tissues
Figure 4.12a

45 Dense Connective Tissues
Figure 4.12b

46 Dense Connective Tissues
Figure 4.12c

47 DENSE ELASTIC

48 DENSE REGULAR TISSUE

49 DENSE IRREGULAR WITH COLLAGEN FIBERS

50 Bone, or osseous tissue Has osteocytes and osteoblasts Lacuna
Little ground substance Dense mineralized matrix Richly Vascularized

51 Bone

52 Part 3

53 Supporting connective tissues: Cartilage
Cells called chondrocytes or chondroblasts Cells found in lacunae Firm matrix Avascular Three types: hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

54 Types of Cartilage

55 HYALINE CARTILAGE

56 Types of Cartilage

57 ELASTIC CARTILAGE

58 Types of Cartilage

59 FIBROCARTILAGE

60 Fluid connective tissues
Blood Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets Plasma is the fluid matrix

61 Formed Elements of the Blood

62

63 Muscle tissue Specialized for contraction Three types Skeletal Cardiac
Smooth

64 Skeletal muscle Cells are multinucleate, long, cylindrical
Presence of striation Voluntary muscle

65 Muscle Tissue - Skeletal

66 SQUELETAL MUSCLE

67 Cardiac muscle Cells: Long, 1 or 2 nucleus Branching cells
Intercalated discs Presence of striation Involuntary muscle

68 Muscle Tissue - Cardiac

69 CARDIAC MUSCLE

70 Smooth muscle tissue Cells Fusiform One central nucleus Non-striated
Involuntary muscle Forms the wall of hollow organs

71 Muscle Tissue - Smooth

72 SMOOTH MUSCLE Use spaghetti for longitudinal x transverse cut.

73 Nervous Tissue

74 Neural tissue cells Neurons Transmits impulses No intercellular matrix
Neuroglia Support, protects and insulates the nervous tissue Greater number

75 Neural tissue location
Brain Spinal cord Nerves

76 NEURONS AND NEUROGLIAS

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