1. CHAPTER 5 Body Tissues and Membranes

2. What are tissues? Cells are organized into groups and layers called TISSUES Each tissue is composed of similar cells that are specialized to carry on a particular function ◦ Secretion ◦ Absorption ◦ Support

3. Tissue Types Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous

4. Epithelial Tissue Covering of all major body surfaces Makes up glands Always has one free surface and one that’s attached to connective tissue ◦ Basement Membrane Free Surface Basement Membrane Connective Tissue

5. Epithelial Tissue Lacks blood vessels ◦ Nutrients diffuse from capillaries of underlying tissue Rapid rate of reproduction ◦ Constantly sloughed off Tightly packed ◦ Create good barriers

6. Epithelial Terms Shape ◦ Squamous-flat, thin cells ◦ Cuboidal-cube shaped cells ◦ Columnar-tall, elongated cells Layers ◦ Simple-single layer ◦ Stratified-two/more layers

7. Types of Epithelial Tissue Simple Squamous Epithelium ◦ Single layer of “pancake” cells ◦ Easy diffusion ◦ Lung alveoli (air sacs), capillaries Nucleus

8. Simple Cuboidal ◦ Single layer of cube-shaped cells  Primarily secretory cells  Ovaries, kidneys, salivary glands Types of Epithelial Tissues Centrally located nucleus

9. Types of Epithelial Tissue Simple Columnar ◦ Protection / Absorption ◦ Microvilli  Increase surface area ◦ Digestive tract Nuclei located on same level

10. Types of Epithelial Tissue Pseudostratified Columnar ◦ Similar to S.C. ◦ Have cilia along edge  Line respiratory system Note: how nuclei are at two or more layers Goblet cell: secretes mucus ?

11. Types of Epithelial Tissue Stratified Squamous ◦ Many layers thick ◦ New ones push old ones up  Epidermis Stratified Cuboidal ◦ 2 or 3 layers of cuboidal cells Stratified Columnar ◦ 2 or 3 layers of columnar cells

12. Types of Epithelial Tissue Transitional Epithelium ◦ Responds to tension - stretches out ◦ Creates protective barriers ◦ Lining of bladder & ureters

13. Glandular Epithelium Specialized to produce and secrete substances Make up glands ◦ Exocrine glands - dump secretions into ducts ◦ Endocrine glands - dump secretions into bloodstream

14. Epithelial Tissue -Cells readily divide -Cells are continually replaced -Cells are tightly packed -Classified by shape and number of layers

15. Connective Tissue Most abundant type of tissue by weight Functions: ◦ Support ◦ Stores fat ◦ Produces blood cells ◦ Protection from infection

16. Connective Tissue Cells spaced further apart than epithelia

17. Types of Fibers Collagenous fibers - thick, made of collagen ◦ Strong, slightly elastic, flexible ◦ Ligaments, tendons Elastic fibers- made of elastin ◦ Branched, stretch easily ◦ Vocal cords

18. Loose Connective Tissue ◦ Binds skin to underlying tissue ◦ Lies beneath most epithelial tissue

19. Adipose Tissue (FAT) Form of loose connective tissue ◦ Protective cushion ◦ Stores energy

20. Dense Connective Tissue ◦ Binds body parts together ◦ Make up tendons, ligaments

21. Cartilage Rigid Protection, support Ends of bones, nose, external ears, larynx, between vertebrae

22. Bone Most rigid Functions: ◦ Internal structure ◦ Attachment for muscles ◦ Blood formation ◦ Inorganic mineral storage

23. Other Connective Tissues Blood ◦ Transports substances between cells and external environment

24. Muscle Tissue Contractile - tissue can contract, becoming shorter and longer ◦ Causes body parts to move 3 types: ◦ Skeletal muscle-bones ◦ Smooth muscle-organs ◦ Cardiac muscle-heart only

25. Nervous Tissue Found in brain, spinal cord, nerves Neurons - basic nerve cells Respond to changes in environment and send messages

26. Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle