1. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

2. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Introduction
Air has existed since the beginning of time. Man has harnessed the power of the wind to power many devices. Only in the last century has man used air as power transmission medium
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

3. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Pneumatics System
Use air under pressure
Is a low power system
Transmitting medium is compressible
Leaks are clean
Components are lighter and less expensive
Air is cheap
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

4. Applications of Pneumatic System
Industrial robots (Automation)
Operation of bus doors
Operation of machine tools
Operation of work holding devices
Air tools
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

5. Benefits of Compressed Air
Explosion proof
Fast
Easily transportable
Easily stored
Overload safe
Variable speed
Variable pressure
Clean
Simple construction
Stroke setting
No return lines
Wide operating temperatures
Others (compact,light,repair)
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

6. A Basic Pneumatics System
Intake air filter
Compressor
After cooler
Air separator
Pressure switch
Safety valve
Air Receiver
Air service unit
Directional valves
Actuators
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

7. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Pneumatic components
Air filter with water separator
To filter dirt and moisture from the air line
Filter element
Drain
FILTER
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

8. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Air Compressor
It takes in atmospheric air.
Compresses the air so as to increase the air pressure.
Transfers the compressed air into an air receiver.
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

9. Pneumatic components Air Service Unit Air filter with water separator
Detailed representation
Pressure regulating valve
Lubricator
Filter
Pressure gauge
Air Service Unit
Air filter with water separator
Pressure regulator with pressure gauge
Oil mist lubricator
Simplified representation
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

10. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Pneumatic components
Pressure Regulator
To reduce the air supply pressure.
To keep the outlet pressure constant even if the outlet air supply pressure fluctuates.
Input (Inlet) pressure must be greater than the output pressure.
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

11. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Pneumatic components
Pressure Regulator
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

12. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Pneumatic components
Oil mist lubricator (Lubricator )
To provide oil mist in the compressed air so as to lubricate the pneumatic components
Reduce wear of component
Protect from corrosion
Oil mist
Drain
Venturi tube
Oil
LUBRICATOR
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

13. Pressure relief valve adjustable
Pneumatic components
Pressure Limiting Valve ( Safety Valve )
To prevent the maximum permissible pressure in a system from being exceeded
System pressure
Outlet to Atmosphere
To atmosphere
Pressure relief valve adjustable
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

14. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Pneumatic Valves
Flow control valve (throttle relief valve)
air flow is throttled in one direction only
check valve blocks the flow in one direction and the air can only pass through the restricted passage
check valve allow the reversed air to by pass the restricted passage
use for speed regulation
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

15. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Pneumatic Valves
Throttle relief valve
Air blocked this direction must go through restriction 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 6 p1 p2
Symbol to ISO 1219
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

16. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Pneumatic Valves
Two pressure valves (AND element)
compressed air flows through only if signals are applied to both inlets
the signal which is last applied passes to the outlet
for 2 different input pressure, the smaller pressure will pass to the outlet
for interlocking and safety control, check function or logic operation
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

17. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Pneumatic Valves
Check valve
stop flow completely in one direction
allow full flow in another direction
blocking element can be cones, balls, plates or diaphragms
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

18. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Pneumatic Valves
Variable flow control valve
(adjustable designed by arrow) 1 2 3 4
Symbol to ISO 1219
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

19. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Pneumatic Valves
Shuttle valve (OR element)
this is called double control valve or double check valve
air flows to the outlet if pressure is applied to any of the 2 inlet
the pressure which is first applied will flow to the outlet
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

20. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Pneumatic Valves
Quick exhaust valve
used to increase the piston speeds in cylinders
particularly useful for single acting cylinder
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

21. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Pneumatic Valves
Sequence Valve
acts as pressure switch where a specific pressure is required for a switching operation.
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

22. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Pneumatic Valves
Time Delay Valve Z P R A
Normally closed time delay
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

23. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Pneumatic Valves
Directional Control Valves
Examples : 2/2, 3/2, 4/3 way valves
To control start, stop, and directional of air flow so that the cylinder’s movement can be controlled
Start or stop, forward or reduce stroke, clockwise or anti-clockwise rotation of an air motor
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

24. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Examples: P A a b R
A) Simplest valve: shut-off valve
2 connections
2 positions ( squares )
produces a 2/2 way directional control valve.
B) 3 connections
2 positions ( squares )
produces a 3/2 way directional control valve.
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

25. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SFR A B
C) 4 connections
2 positions ( squares )
produces a 4/2 way directional control valve.
D) 5 connections
2 positions ( squares )
produces a 5/2 way directional control valve.
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

26. Pneumatic Lines & Fittings
Transfer the compressed air to different components
Flexible hoses and quick-disconnect couplings are more suitable for equipment which require couple or un-coupled frequently
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

27. Pneumatic Lines & Fittings
Things to look into when installing
correct dimension of pipes
regular maintenance and checking
pipelines are installed at a downward gradient of 1 to 2 %
main line should be installed as a ring circuit where space is available
should be easy to install, resistant to corrosion and inexpensive
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

28. Advantages of Pneumatic System
Availability
air is practically available every where in unlimited quantity
Transportation
can be easily transported in pipe lines
not necessary to return the compress air
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

29. Advantages of Pneumatic System
Storage
compressor need not be in continuous operation
can be stored in and remove from a reservoir or cylinder
Temperature
insensitive to temperature fluctuation
ensure reliable operation
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

30. Advantages of Pneumatic System
Explosion proof
no risk of explosion or fire
expensive protection against explosion is not required
Cleanliness
leaking air does not cause contamination
suitable for food, wood, textile and leather industries
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

31. Advantages of Pneumatic System
Construction
simple construction
inexpensive
Speed
very fast working medium
cylinders have working speed of 1 ~ 2 m/s
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

32. Disadvantages of Pneumatic System
Preparation
require to remove dirt and humidity
Compressible
Not possible to achieve uniform and constant piston speeds.
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

33. Disadvantages of Pneumatic System
Force requirement
low working loads
the require output force is economical only up to about 20 KN to 30 KN
commonly used working pressure of 7 bar
Cost
Expensive to produce
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

34. Disadvantages of Pneumatic System
Exhaust air
noisy
the oil mist with compressed air escapes with the exhaust to the atmosphere
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

35. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Silencer 1 3 2
Symbol to ISO 1219
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF

36. ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF
Muffler
Cutaway of a muffler
Symbol to ISO 1219
ms4.18 Basic Pneumatic System/Tieh SF