1. Group 5 Alex Guerrero Andrew Duffy Bernard Hsu Daniyal Qamar Jeff Tyska Ryan Kosak Tomi Damo Feb. 24, 2011

2. In this lab you will be separating milk solids from a milk- water mixture using ultrafiltration. Feed stream = milk-water mixture Retenate = highly concentrated milk solid solution Permeate = clean water the passed through filter

3. The purpose of this lab is to demonstrate the effect of pressure drop on the permeate flux in and ultrafiltration system. A Milk-Water mixture will be fed into the system and clean water will be the permeate NOTE: The key to this lab is to work quickly and efficiently.

4. Separation based on differing Particle sizes. Strathmann 686Milk proteins are too large to penetrate membrane but water passes through. Performance determined by filtration rate, membrane flux, and separation properties.

5. Q: solvent flux (L/(M^2*time)) L p : membrane permeability (L/(atm*m^2*time)) ΔP = pressure drop (atm)

6. J solv = flux of solvent leaving the ultrafilter (m/s) K solv = permeability of the solvent through membrane (m 2 / (psi-s)) P r = total pressure on the retentate or high pressure side (psi) P p = total pressure on the permeate or low pressure side (psi) t ms = thickness of the membrane skin during separation (m)

7. V original = volume of the original solution (L) V concentrate = volume of concentrated skim milk (L) V permeate = volume of the permeated water (L) R = recovery of the feed stream that becomes permeate (unitless)

8. #EquipmentDescriptionManufacture 1 Membrane Column Membrane Type: PM10 Effective Area 25 cubic feet Max Pressure: 40 PSIG Serial Number:4PX 14069 Romicon INC 2Jet Pump Power: 2 HP @ 3050 RPM Reliance 3 Back Jet Flush Pump Power: 1/3 HP @ 3450 RPM Mod. Number 14010 Dayton 4 Power Switch Box A-B Quality 5Permeate Tank 6Process Tank 7 Large On/Off Valve 1” Full-Flo PVC ball valveHayward 8 Inlet Pressure Gauge Max Pressure: 30 PSI Omega Engineering 9 Small On/Off Valve Ball ValveHill-McCanna 10 Back Flush Pressure Gauge Max Pressure: 15 PSIUS Gauge

9. EquipmentManufactureDescription BleachCloroxUsed to sanitize system Deionized WaterUsed as solvent Phosphoric AcidFisher Scientific A242-212 85%. Used as cleaning agent. Solid Sodium HydroxideFisher Scientific BP359-212 White Pellets. Used as cleaning agent. Skim MilkDeansUsed as solute. pH PaperEM Science & Micro Essentials Used to measure acid concentration in system. 1000 ml BeakerNalgeneUsed for volume measurement. 200 ml BeakerNalgeneUsed for volume measurement.

10. Phosphoric Acid: Corrosive and could cause burns. Bleach: Skin and eye irritant. Toxic if ingested in high concentration. Sodium Hydroxide: Corrosive and could cause burns. Short and long term injuries occur if ingested.

11. Water Run: 1. Turn on Pump. 2. Adjust inlet pressure to 10 PSIG. 4. Adjust Outlet pressure to 25 PSIG. 5. Run for 15 minutes. Acid Run: 1. Make 2.5 pH phosphoric soln. 2. Run system at above pressure for 10 minutes. 3.Close outlet valve and run for 5 more minutes. Drain/Rinse Cycle: 1. Run deionized water through the system. Caustic Cycle: 1. Make 1 wt% NaOH solution. 2. Run system as above for 15 minutes.

12. Backwash: 1. Adjust valves for backwash cycle. 2. Turn on backwash pump. 3. Run long enough to wash system. Bleach Cycle: 1. Make 200ppm Bleach solution. 2. Run as before for 15 minutes. Water Flux Testing: 1. Determine water flux with inlet pressure at 25PSIG and outlet at 5, 10, 15, and 20PSIG. Skim Milk: 1. Add 80 L of DI water and 1 gallon of skim milk to process tank. 2. Operate system and measure flux with inlet pressure at 25PSIG and outlet at 5, 10, 15, and 20PSIG.

13.  Strathmann, Heinrich. "Membranes and Membrane Separation Processes." Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 7th. 40. New York, NY: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co., 2010. (pp: 667-724) Print.   Wankat, Phillip C. Separation Process Engineering. (2 nd Edition). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc., 2007. (pp: 573 – 579) Print   McCabe, Warren L., Julian C. Smith, and Peter Harriott. Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993. (pp: 1058-1065) Print.   "Koch Membrane :: Ultrafiltration." Koch Membrane Systems. Web. 13 Feb. 2011..   Neligan, Patrick. "What Is the Difference between Dialysis and Ultrafiltration?" Welcome to Critical Care Medicine Tutorials. Web. 13 Feb. 2011.