1. The Reformation

2. What is the Protestant Reformation?
Protestant Reformation - a religious movement in the 1500s that split the Christian church (in western Europe) and led to the establishment of a number of new churches
People grew displeased with the churches…
Financial Corruption
Abuse of Power
Immorality

3. Breakdown of Denominations

4. Factors Before the Reformation
The Western Schism ( )
Two Catholic popes  questioning the Papal Authority
Renaissance scholar Erasmus  The Praise of Folly
Criticism of the Catholic Church

5. Factors Before the Reformation
The Printing Press!!!!
Books are now available to the masses not just the rich! (Faster production=cheaper books)
People have access to books whenever they want them
How does this relate to the Reformation? Explain your answer?
Like the Kindle or Nook to early modern Europeans.
A single Renaissance printing press could produce 3,600 pages per workday, compared to forty by hand-printing and a few by hand-copying.
Printing Press = 3,600 pages per workday
Hand Printing = 40 pages per workday

6. Factors Before the Reformation
Church is selling indulgences!
Indulgences - pardons issued by the pope that people could buy to reduce a soul’s time in purgatory = (People could buy forgiveness)

7. Fun Fact The last words of John Hus (early reformer) were:
“In 100 years, God will raise up a man whose calls for reform cannot be suppressed”
Almost exactly 100 years later, in 1517, Martin Luther nailed up his famous 95 Theses

8. Martin Luther
Luther was a German monk and professor of theology (religion) at the University of Wittenberg
One of the many leaders of the Protestant Reformation
Luther translates the Bible to German and believes that people should be able to interpret the Bible for themselves.
Coffer means chest

9. Reformation Big Questions
Do belief systems divide or unite people?
How were reformers a reflection of Renaissance ideals?
Today’s Focus:
Why did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church?

10. Luther’s 95 Theses
In 1517, the 95 Theses were nailed to a church door - they were written in Latin
Luther’s intention: NOT TO BREAK WITH CHURCH, BUT REFORM IT!
Criticized:
Indulgences
Power of Pope
Wealth of Church
God’s Grace won by FAITH ALONE!
Catholic View: Good Works

11. Excommunication In 1520 Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther
Excommunication- expelled him from the church
Luther went on to form the Lutheran Church (branch of Protestant Church)
Pope Leo X by Raphel

12. Why did Luther challenge the Catholic Church?
Historians often find two opposing accounts of the same event and sometimes, they are even written by the same person.
To figure out what happened, they use the skill of SOURCING to determine when, where, and why a document was written.
They also use CORROBORATION to compare accounts and look for similarities and differences

13. Why did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church?
Your Task
Through reading the two documents, you will try to explain the differences between the documents and decide which one is a more reliable answer to our question:
Why did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church?

14. Other Reformers: Calvinism
John Calvin in Switzerland
Believed in Predestination
God knows who will be saved, even before people are born, and therefore guides the lives of those destined for salvation
Purified approach to life:
No drinking, swearing, gambling etc..
Wanted a simpler church

15. Breakdown of Denominations

16. Counter-Reformation
A Historical Debate: An internal Catholic reform or a result of Protestant criticism?
Catholic Church met many times from
Discussed the abuses of the Catholic Church
Other debates:
Structure
Religious Orders
Spiritual Movements
Politics