1. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 1 Architectural Modeling Notations

2. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 2 Objectives  To present several notations for architectural modeling Box-and-line diagrams UML package diagrams UML component diagrams UML deployment diagrams  To present UML common notations Notes Constraints Properties Stereotypes

3. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 3 Topics  Box-and-line diagrams  UML common notations  Packages and package diagrams  Components and component diagrams  Nodes, artifacts, and deployment diagrams

4. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4 Box-and-Line Diagrams  Icons (boxes) connected with lines  No rules governing formation  Used for both static and dynamic modeling  Good idea to include a legend

5. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 5 Box-and-Line Diagram Example

6. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 6 Box-and-Line Diagram Heuristics  Make box-and-line diagrams only when no standard notation is adequate.  Keep the boxes and lines simple.  Make symbols for different things look different.  Use symbols consistently in different diagrams.  Use grammatical conventions to name elements.  Don’t mix static and dynamic elements.

7. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 7 UML Notes and Constraints  Note—A dog-eared box connected to model elements by a dashed line May contain arbitrary text Used for comments and specifications  Constraint—A statement that must be true of entities designated by model elements Written inside curly brackets Beside single model elements Beside a dashed line connecting several model elements

8. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 8 UML Properties and Stereotypes  Property—Characteristic of an entity designated by a model element List of tagged values in curly brackets Tagged value: tag = value Boolean properties that are true may drop the value and equals sign  Stereotype—A model element given more specific meaning Shown with icons, colors, graphics Stereotype keywords between guillemots, for example «interface»

9. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 9 Common Elements Example

10. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 10 UML Dependency Relations  Examples: D uses I, D depends for compilation on I, D imports I  Represented by dependency arrows: stereotyped dashed arrows A dependency relation holds between two entities D and I when a change in I (the independent entity) may affect D (the dependent entity).

11. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 11 Dependency Relation Example

12. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 12 UML Packages  A UML package is a collection of model elements, called package members.  The package symbol is a file folder Package name in tab if body is occupied, otherwise in the body Members shown in body or using a containment symbol (circled plus sign) Often connected by import or export dependency arrows

13. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 13 Package Diagrams  A UML package diagram is one whose primary symbols are package symbols.  Useful for Static models of modules, their parts, and their relationships Architectural modeling

14. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 14 Package Diagram Example

15. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 15 Software Components  A software component is a reusable, replaceable piece of software.  Component-based development is an approach in which products are designed and built using commercially available or custom-built software components.

16. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 16 UML Component Diagrams  A UML component is a modular, replaceable unit with well-defined interfaces. Component symbols are rectangles containing names Stereotyped «component» or have component symbol in upper right-hand corner  A UML component diagram shows components, their relationships to their environment, and their internal structure.

17. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 17 UML Interfaces  A UML interface is a named collection of public attributes and abstract operations. Represented by a stereotyped class symbol (later) Represented by special ball and socket symbols  Note: this use of the term “interface” is different from out previous use as a communications boundary.

18. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 18 Provided and Required Interfaces  A class or component realizes an interface when it includes its attributes and implements its operations.  Provided interface—Realized by a class or component Represented by a ball or lollipop symbol  Required interface—Needed by a class or component Represented by a socket symbol  The assembly connector wires interfaces together.

19. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 19 Interface Symbols Example

20. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 20 Component Internal Structure  Components can contain other components or classes showing how they are built.  A delegation connector ties a component interface to one or more internal classes or components that realize or use the interface. Solid arrows Stereotyped with «delegate»

21. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 21 Component Internals Example

22. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 22 Component Diagram Uses  Static models of software components (reusable and replaceable parts)  Model program components Architectural models Detailed design models Relationship to environment  Model internal structure of components

23. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 23 Logical and Physical Architecture  Logical architecture—The configuration of a product’s major parts and their relationships in abstraction from implementation as code on a real machine  Physical architecture—The realization of a product as code and data files residing and executing on computational resources  UML deployment diagrams model physical architecture.

24. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 24 UML Artifacts  A UML artifact is any physical representation of data used or produced during development or operation. Examples: Files, documents, program code  Artifacts have types and instances Represented by rectangles containing names Stereotyped «artifact» or have artifact symbol in upper right-hand corner Instances have underlined names, types do not  Artifacts realize logical entities (classes, components, etc.)

25. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 25 UML Nodes  A UML node is a computational resource. Device—A physical processing unit, such as a computer Execution environment—A software system that implements a virtual machine, such as an operating system or language interpreter  Represented in UML by box or slab symbols Stereotyped with «device» or «execution environment» Types and instances  Types have names  Instance have underlined labels of the form name : type  Name or type may be suppressed, but not both

26. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 26 Node Symbols Example

27. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 27 Deployment Diagrams  A UML deployment diagram models computational resources, communication paths among them, and artifacts that reside and execute on them.  Used to show Real and virtual machines used in a system Communication paths between machines Program and data files realizing the system  Residence  Execution

28. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 28 Deployment Diagram Rules  Computational resources are nodes  Communication paths are solid lines between nodes May be labeled May have multiplicities and role names  Artifact symbols may Appear within node symbols Be listed within node symbols Be connected to node symbols by dependency arrows stereotyped with «deploy»

29. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 29 Deployment Diagram Example

30. © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 30 Summary  Box-and-line diagrams are used to make static and dynamic architectural models.  Notes, constraints, properties, and stereotypes can be used in any UML diagram.  Package diagrams are used to model modules and their parts.  Component diagrams are used to model software components.  Deployment diagrams are used to model physical architectures.