1. Chapter 1 Introduction

2. “How do I send picture by email?” “Click on Attach button, or paper clip icon, select the picture and click attach” The instructions above are clear and well understood by people that use computer everyday.

3. 1. The user has to navigate with mouse to the button with word “Attach” 2. Left clicking on mouse when the arrow on the computer screen is over the correct button. A new dialog window will appear. 3. The user then has to navigate to the correct folder where the picture in the form of file is stored, by opening (click or double click with mouse) one folder at the time. 4. To select a picture the user has to click on the picture file and the file will be highlighted in dark blue. 5. Then the user has to click on “Open” button and it should attach the file to the email.

5. Semiotic  Study of: 1. Signs 2. Signification processes, and 3. How signs and signification take part in communication HCI artifacts are intellectual constructs -result of choices and decisions rather than predictable natural laws. Semiotic central themes of investigation: meaning assignment, meaning codification, and the forms, ways, and effects of meaning in communication – date to Greek classics

6.  Graphical user interfaces  Visual languages  Sign System ◦ Produced and perpetuated by cultures Thus.. A theory of culture

7.  Bring together semiotic and HCI in a concise and consistent way to:  Support new knowledge organization and discovery  Establishment of useful research methods for analysis and synthesis  Derivation of tools for training and practice

8.  Signification and meaning-related processes between:

9.  Support ◦ Design ◦ Construction of artifacts HCI artifacts result of choices and decisions guided by reasoning, sense making, and technical skills

10.  We must be able to ◦ Interpret, ◦ Learn, ◦ Use, and ◦ Adapt to various contexts.  Goal  produce meaningful interactive computer system discourse

11.  The branch of philosophy that studies the nature of knowledge, its presuppositions and foundations, and its extent and validity  In HCI ◦ How knowledge is gained, analyzed, tested, and used or rejected

12. Attitude Intent content  Concrete objective stance ◦ Psychological, social, and cultural contexts.  Encoded in signification systems ◦ To communicate attitudes, intents, and contents HCI artifact Clients Owners Users Developers Designers Technical Support

13.  Interface signs ◦ Meaning  Resulting signs ◦ From interaction  Incorporates a complex signification system

14.  Designers must tell users what they mean by the artifact they have created,  And users are expected to understand and respond to what they are being told….  Via the artifact’s interface ◦ Words, ◦ Graphics, ◦ Behavior, ◦ Online help, ◦ And explanations. Interlocutors in the communication process

15.  Explicitly brings designers to HCI processes & assigns then an ontological position  Ontology -a rigorous and exhaustive organization of some knowledge domain that is usually hierarchical and contains all the relevant entities and their relations

17.  What is an intellectual artifact? ◦ Artifact  nonnatural objects created  Concrete = forks, knife (material artifacts)  Abstract = safety measures (procedural artifacts preventing accidents) ◦ Physical purpose = chairs ◦ Mental purpose = truth tables  Intellectual Artifacts are: ◦ It encodes a particular understanding or interpretation of a problem situation. ◦ It also encodes a particular set of solutions for the perceived problem situation. ◦ The encoding of both the problem situation and the corresponding solutions is fundamentally linguistic (based on a system)

18.  Of symbols-verbal, visual, aural or other- that can be interpreted by consistent semantic rules); and  The artifact’s ultimate purpose can only be completely achieved by its users if they can formulate it within the linguistic system in which the artifacts is encoded.  Producer----> Intellectual artifacts----> Consumer  Same Language (genuine system of symbols)

19. System of Symbols  Definition of Vocabulary  Grammar  Set of semantic rules.  We will have an entire lecture on this on Thursday! See next lecture.